Altera Corporation 1
APEX 20K
Programmable Logic
Device Family
March 2004, ver. 5.1 Data Sheet
DS-APEX20K-5.1
Features ■Industry’s first programmable logic device (PLD) incorporating
system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) integration
–MultiCore
TM architecture integrating look-up table (LUT) logic,
product-term logic, and embedded memory
– LUT logic used for register-intensive functions
– Embedded system block (ESB) used to implement memory
functions, including first-in first-out (FIFO) buffers, dual-port
RAM, and content-addressable memory (CAM)
– ESB implementation of product-term logic used for
combinatorial-intensive functions
■High density
– 30,000 to 1.5 million typical gates (see Tables 1 and 2)
– Up to 51,840 logic elements (LEs)
– Up to 442,368 RAM bits that can be used without reducing
available logic
– Up to 3,456 product-term-based macrocells
Table 1. APEX 20K Device Features Note (1)
Feature EP20K30E EP20K60E EP20K100 EP20K100E EP20K160E EP20K200 EP20K200E
Maximum
system
gates
113,000 162,000 263,000 263,000 404,000 526,000 526,000
Typical
gates
30,000 60,000 100,000 100,000 160,000 200,000 200,000
LEs 1,200 2,560 4,160 4,160 6,400 8,320 8,320
ESBs 12 16 26 26 40 52 52
Maximum
RAM bits
24,576 32,768 53,248 53,248 81,920 106,496 106,496
Maximum
macrocells
192 256 416 416 640 832 832
Maximum
user I/O
pins
128 196 252 246 316 382 376
2Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Note to Tables 1 and 2:
(1) The embedded IEEE Std. 1149.1 Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) boundary-scan circuitry contributes up to
57,000 additional gates.
Additional
Features
■Designed for low-power operation
– 1.8-V and 2.5-V supply voltage (see Table 3)
–MultiVolt
TM I/O interface support to interface with 1.8-V, 2.5-V,
3.3-V, and 5.0-V devices (see Table 3)
– ESB offering programmable power-saving mode
Note to Table 3:
(1) APEX 20KE devices can be 5.0-V tolerant by using an external resistor.
Table 2. Additional APEX 20K Device Features Note (1)
Feature EP20K300E EP20K400 EP20K400E EP20K600E EP20K1000E EP20K1500E
Maximum system
gates
728,000 1,052,000 1,052,000 1,537,000 1,772,000 2,392,000
Typical gates 300,000 400,000 400,000 600,000 1,000,000 1,500,000
LEs 11,520 16,640 16,640 24,320 38,400 51,840
ESBs 72 104 104 152 160 216
Maximum
RAM bits
147,456 212,992 212,992 311,296 327,680 442,368
Maximum
macrocells
1,152 1,664 1,664 2,432 2,560 3,456
Maximum user I/O
pins
408 502 488 588 708 808
Table 3. APEX 20K Supply Voltages
Feature Device
EP20K100
EP20K200
EP20K400
EP20K30E
EP20K60E
EP20K100E
EP20K160E
EP20K200E
EP20K300E
EP20K400E
EP20K600E
EP20K1000E
EP20K1500E
Internal supply voltage (VCCINT) 2.5 V 1.8 V
MultiVolt I/O interface voltage levels (VCCIO) 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5.0 V 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5.0 V (1)
Altera Corporation 3
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
■Flexible clock management circuitry with up to four phase-locked
loops (PLLs)
– Built-in low-skew clock tree
– Up to eight global clock signals
– ClockLock® feature reducing clock delay and skew
– ClockBoost® feature providing clock multiplication and division
– ClockShiftTM programmable clock phase and delay shifting
■Powerful I/O features
– Compliant with peripheral component interconnect Special
Interest Group (PCI SIG) PCI Local Bus Specification,
Revision 2.2 for 3.3-V operation at 33 or 66 MHz and 32 or 64 bits
– Support for high-speed external memories, including DDR
SDRAM and ZBT SRAM (ZBT is a trademark of Integrated
Device Technology, Inc.)
– Bidirectional I/O performance (tCO + tSU) up to 250 MHz
– LVDS performance up to 840 Mbits per channel
– Direct connection from I/O pins to local interconnect providing
fast tCO and tSU times for complex logic
– MultiVolt I/O interface support to interface with 1.8-V, 2.5-V,
3.3-V, and 5.0-V devices (see Table 3)
– Programmable clamp to VCCIO
– Individual tri-state output enable control for each pin
– Programmable output slew-rate control to reduce switching
noise
– Support for advanced I/O standards, including low-voltage
differential signaling (LVDS), LVPECL, PCI-X, AGP, CTT, stub-
series terminated logic (SSTL-3 and SSTL-2), Gunning
transceiver logic plus (GTL+), and high-speed terminated logic
(HSTL Class I)
– Pull-up on I/O pins before and during configuration
■Advanced interconnect structure
– Four-level hierarchical FastTrack® Interconnect structure
providing fast, predictable interconnect delays
– Dedicated carry chain that implements arithmetic functions such
as fast adders, counters, and comparators (automatically used by
software tools and megafunctions)
– Dedicated cascade chain that implements high-speed,
high-fan-in logic functions (automatically used by software tools
and megafunctions)
– Interleaved local interconnect allows one LE to drive 29 other
LEs through the fast local interconnect
■Advanced packaging options
– Available in a variety of packages with 144 to 1,020 pins (see
Tables 4 through 7)
– FineLine BGA® packages maximize board space efficiency
■Advanced software support
– Software design support and automatic place-and-route
provided by the Altera® Quartus®II development system for
4Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Windows-based PCs, Sun SPARCstations, and HP 9000
Series 700/800 workstations
–Altera MegaCore
® functions and Altera Megafunction Partners
Program (AMPPSM) megafunctions
– NativeLinkTM integration with popular synthesis, simulation,
and timing analysis tools
– Quartus II SignalTap® embedded logic analyzer simplifies
in-system design evaluation by giving access to internal nodes
during device operation
– Supports popular revision-control software packages including
PVCS, Revision Control System (RCS), and Source Code Control
System (SCCS )
Table 4. APEX 20K QFP, BGA & PGA Package Options & I/O Count Notes (1), (2)
Device 144-Pin
TQFP
208-Pin
PQFP
RQFP
240-Pin
PQFP
RQFP
356-Pin BGA 652-Pin BGA 655-Pin PGA
EP20K30E 92 125
EP20K60E 92 148 151 196
EP20K100 101 159 189 252
EP20K100E 92 151 183 246
EP20K160E 88 143 175 271
EP20K200 144 174 277
EP20K200E 136 168 271 376
EP20K300E 152 408
EP20K400 502 502
EP20K400E 488
EP20K600E 488
EP20K1000E 488
EP20K1500E 488
Altera Corporation 5
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Notes to Tables 4 and 5:
(1) I/O counts include dedicated input and clock pins.
(2) APEX 20K device package types include thin quad flat pack (TQFP), plastic quad flat pack (PQFP), power quad flat
pack (RQFP), 1.27-mm pitch ball-grid array (BGA), 1.00-mm pitch FineLine BGA, and pin-grid array (PGA)
packages.
(3) This device uses a thermally enhanced package, which is taller than the regular package. Consult the Altera Device
Package Information Data Sheet for detailed package size information.
Table 5. APEX 20K FineLine BGA Package Options & I/O Count Notes (1), (2)
Device 144 Pin 324 Pin 484 Pin 672 Pin 1,020 Pin
EP20K30E 93 128
EP20K60E 93 196
EP20K100 252
EP20K100E 93 246
EP20K160E 316
EP20K200 382
EP20K200E 376 376
EP20K300E 408
EP20K400 502 (3)
EP20K400E 488 (3)
EP20K600E 508 (3) 588
EP20K1000E 508 (3) 708
EP20K1500E 808
Table 6. APEX 20K QFP, BGA & PGA Package Sizes
Feature 144-Pin TQFP 208-Pin QFP 240-Pin QFP 356-Pin BGA 652-Pin BGA 655-Pin PGA
Pitch (mm) 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.27 1.27 –
Area (mm2) 484 924 1,218 1,225 2,025 3,906
Length × Width
(mm × mm)
22 × 22 30.4 × 30.4 34.9 × 34.9 35 × 35 45 × 45 62.5 × 62.5
Table 7. APEX 20K FineLine BGA Package Sizes
Feature 144 Pin 324 Pin 484 Pin 672 Pin 1,020 Pin
Pitch (mm) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Area (mm2) 169 361 529 729 1,089
Length × Width (mm × mm) 13 × 13 19 × 19 23 × 23 27 × 27 33 × 33
6Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
General
Description
APEXTM 20K devices are the first PLDs designed with the MultiCore
architecture, which combines the strengths of LUT-based and product-
term-based devices with an enhanced memory structure. LUT-based logic
provides optimized performance and efficiency for data-path, register-
intensive, mathematical, or digital signal processing (DSP) designs.
Product-term-based logic is optimized for complex combinatorial paths,
such as complex state machines. LUT- and product-term-based logic
combined with memory functions and a wide variety of MegaCore and
AMPP functions make the APEX 20K device architecture uniquely suited
for system-on-a-programmable-chip designs. Applications historically
requiring a combination of LUT-, product-term-, and memory-based
devices can now be integrated into one APEX 20K device.
APEX 20KE devices are a superset of APEX 20K devices and include
additional features such as advanced I/O standard support, CAM,
additional global clocks, and enhanced ClockLock clock circuitry. In
addition, APEX 20KE devices extend the APEX 20K family to 1.5 million
gates. APEX 20KE devices are denoted with an “E” suffix in the device
name (e.g., the EP20K1000E device is an APEX 20KE device). Table 8
compares the features included in APEX 20K and APEX 20KE devices.
Altera Corporation 7
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 8. Comparison of APEX 20K & APEX 20KE Features
Feature APEX 20K Devices APEX 20KE Devices
MultiCore system integration Full support Full support
SignalTap logic analysis Full support Full support
32/64-Bit, 33-MHz PCI Full compliance in -1, -2 speed
grades
Full compliance in -1, -2 speed grades
32/64-Bit, 66-MHz PCI - Full compliance in -1 speed grade
MultiVolt I/O 2.5-V or 3.3-V VCCIO
VCCIO selected for device
Certain devices are 5.0-V tolerant
1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V VCCIO
VCCIO selected block-by-block
5.0-V tolerant with use of external resistor
ClockLock support Clock delay reduction
2× and 4× clock multiplication
Clock delay reduction
m/(n × v) or m/(n × k) clock multiplication
Drive ClockLock output off-chip
External clock feedback
ClockShift
LVDS support
Up to four PLLs
ClockShift, clock phase adjustment
Dedicated clock and input pins Six Eight
I/O standard support 2.5-V, 3.3-V, 5.0-V I/O
3.3-V PCI
Low-voltage complementary
metal-oxide semiconductor
(LVCMOS)
Low-voltage transistor-to-transistor
logic (LVTTL)
1.8-V, 2.5-V, 3.3-V, 5.0-V I/O
2.5-V I/O
3.3-V PCI and PCI-X
3.3-V Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)
Center tap terminated (CTT)
GTL+
LVCMOS
LVTTL
True-LVDS and LVPECL data pins
(in EP20K300E and larger devices)
LVDS and LVPECL signaling (in all BGA
and FineLine BGA devices)
LVDS and LVPECL data pins up to
156 Mbps (in -1 speed grade devices)
HSTL Class I
PCI-X
SSTL-2 Class I and II
SSTL-3 Class I and II
Memory support Dual-port RAM
FIFO
RAM
ROM
CAM
Dual-port RAM
FIFO
RAM
ROM
8Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
All APEX 20K devices are reconfigurable and are 100% tested prior to
shipment. As a result, test vectors do not have to be generated for fault
coverage purposes. Instead, the designer can focus on simulation and
design verification. In addition, the designer does not need to manage
inventories of different application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
designs; APEX 20K devices can be configured on the board for the specific
functionality required.
APEX 20K devices are configured at system power-up with data stored in
an Altera serial configuration device or provided by a system controller.
Altera offers in-system programmability (ISP)-capable EPC1, EPC2, and
EPC16 configuration devices, which configure APEX 20K devices via a
serial data stream. Moreover, APEX 20K devices contain an optimized
interface that permits microprocessors to configure APEX 20K devices
serially or in parallel, and synchronously or asynchronously. The interface
also enables microprocessors to treat APEX 20K devices as memory and
configure the device by writing to a virtual memory location, making
reconfiguration easy.
After an APEX 20K device has been configured, it can be reconfigured
in-circuit by resetting the device and loading new data. Real-time changes
can be made during system operation, enabling innovative reconfigurable
computing applications.
APEX 20K devices are supported by the Altera Quartus II development
system, a single, integrated package that offers HDL and schematic design
entry, compilation and logic synthesis, full simulation and worst-case
timing analysis, SignalTap logic analysis, and device configuration. The
Quartus II software runs on Windows-based PCs, Sun SPARCstations,
and HP 9000 Series 700/800 workstations.
The Quartus II software provides NativeLink interfaces to other industry-
standard PC- and UNIX workstation-based EDA tools. For example,
designers can invoke the Quartus II software from within third-party
design tools. Further, the Quartus II software contains built-in optimized
synthesis libraries; synthesis tools can use these libraries to optimize
designs for APEX 20K devices. For example, the Synopsys Design
Compiler library, supplied with the Quartus II development system,
includes DesignWare functions optimized for the APEX 20K architecture.
Altera Corporation 9
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Functional
Description
APEX 20K devices incorporate LUT-based logic, product-term-based
logic, and memory into one device. Signal interconnections within
APEX 20K devices (as well as to and from device pins) are provided by the
FastTrack® Interconnect—a series of fast, continuous row and column
channels that run the entire length and width of the device.
Each I/O pin is fed by an I/O element (IOE) located at the end of each row
and column of the FastTrack Interconnect. Each IOE contains a
bidirectional I/O buffer and a register that can be used as either an input
or output register to feed input, output, or bidirectional signals. When
used with a dedicated clock pin, these registers provide exceptional
performance. IOEs provide a variety of features, such as 3.3-V, 64-bit,
66-MHz PCI compliance; JTAG BST support; slew-rate control; and
tri-state buffers. APEX 20KE devices offer enhanced I/O support,
including support for 1.8-V I/O, 2.5-V I/O, LVCMOS, LVTTL, LVPECL,
3.3-V PCI, PCI-X, LVDS, GTL+, SSTL-2, SSTL-3, HSTL, CTT, and 3.3-V
AGP I/O standards.
The ESB can implement a variety of memory functions, including CAM,
RAM, dual-port RAM, ROM, and FIFO functions. Embedding the
memory directly into the die improves performance and reduces die area
compared to distributed-RAM implementations. Moreover, the
abundance of cascadable ESBs ensures that the APEX 20K device can
implement multiple wide memory blocks for high-density designs. The
ESB’s high speed ensures it can implement small memory blocks without
any speed penalty. The abundance of ESBs ensures that designers can
create as many different-sized memory blocks as the system requires.
Figure 1 shows an overview of the APEX 20K device.
Figure 1. APEX 20K Device Block Diagram
LUT
LUT
LUT
LUT
LUT
Memory
Memory
Memory
Memory
IOE
IOE
IOE IOE
IOE
IOE
IOE IOE
LUT
LUT
Memory
Memory
IOE
IOE
Product Term
Product Term
LUT
LUT
Memory
Memory
IOE
IOE
Product Term
Product Term Product Term
Product Term Product Term
Product Term
FastTrack
Interconnect
Clock Management Circuitry
IOEs support
PCI, GTL+,
SSTL-3, LVDS,
and other
standards.
ClockLock
Four-input LUT
for data path and
DSP functions.
Product-term
integration for
high-speed
control logic and
state machines.
Flexible integration
of embedded
memory, including
CAM, RAM,
ROM, FIFO, and
other memory
functions.
10 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
APEX 20K devices provide two dedicated clock pins and four dedicated
input pins that drive register control inputs. These signals ensure efficient
distribution of high-speed, low-skew control signals. These signals use
dedicated routing channels to provide short delays and low skews. Four
of the dedicated inputs drive four global signals. These four global signals
can also be driven by internal logic, providing an ideal solution for a clock
divider or internally generated asynchronous clear signals with high
fan-out. The dedicated clock pins featured on the APEX 20K devices can
also feed logic. The devices also feature ClockLock and ClockBoost clock
management circuitry. APEX 20KE devices provide two additional
dedicated clock pins, for a total of four dedicated clock pins.
MegaLAB Structure
APEX 20K devices are constructed from a series of MegaLABTM
structures. Each MegaLAB structure contains a group of logic array blocks
(LABs), one ESB, and a MegaLAB interconnect, which routes signals
within the MegaLAB structure. The EP20K30E device has 10 LABs,
EP20K60E through EP20K600E devices have 16 LABs, and the
EP20K1000E and EP20K1500E devices have 24 LABs. Signals are routed
between MegaLAB structures and I/O pins via the FastTrack
Interconnect. In addition, edge LABs can be driven by I/O pins through
the local interconnect. Figure 2 shows the MegaLAB structure.
Figure 2. MegaLAB Structure
ESB
MegaLAB Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
To Adjacent
LAB or IOEs
LABs
LE1
LE2
LE3
LE4
LE5
LE6
LE7
LE8
LE9
LE10
LE1
LE2
LE3
LE4
LE5
LE6
LE7
LE8
LE9
LE10
LE1
LE2
LE3
LE4
LE5
LE6
LE7
LE8
LE9
LE10
Altera Corporation 11
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Logic Array Block
Each LAB consists of 10 LEs, the LEs’ associated carry and cascade chains,
LAB control signals, and the local interconnect. The local interconnect
transfers signals between LEs in the same or adjacent LABs, IOEs, or ESBs.
The Quartus II Compiler places associated logic within an LAB or
adjacent LABs, allowing the use of a fast local interconnect for high
performance. Figure 3 shows the APEX 20K LAB.
APEX 20K devices use an interleaved LAB structure. This structure allows
each LE to drive two local interconnect areas. This feature minimizes use
of the MegaLAB and FastTrack interconnect, providing higher
performance and flexibility. Each LE can drive 29 other LEs through the
fast local interconnect.
Figure 3. LAB Structure
To/From
Adjacent LAB,
ESB, or IOEs
To/From
Adjacent LAB,
ESB, or IOEs
The 10 LEs in the LAB are driven by
two local interconnect areas. These LEs
can drive two local interconnect areas.
Local Interconnect
LEs drive local
MegaLAB, row,
and column
interconnects.
Column
Interconnect
Row
Interconnect
MegaLAB Interconnect
12 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Each LAB contains dedicated logic for driving control signals to its LEs
and ESBs. The control signals include clock, clock enable, asynchronous
clear, asynchronous preset, asynchronous load, synchronous clear, and
synchronous load signals. A maximum of six control signals can be used
at a time. Although synchronous load and clear signals are generally used
when implementing counters, they can also be used with other functions.
Each LAB can use two clocks and two clock enable signals. Each LAB’s
clock and clock enable signals are linked (e.g., any LE in a particular LAB
using CLK1 will also use CLKENA1). LEs with the same clock but different
clock enable signals either use both clock signals in one LAB or are placed
into separate LABs.
If both the rising and falling edges of a clock are used in a LAB, both LAB-
wide clock signals are used.
The LAB-wide control signals can be generated from the LAB local
interconnect, global signals, and dedicated clock pins. The inherent low
skew of the FastTrack Interconnect enables it to be used for clock
distribution. Figure 4 shows the LAB control signal generation circuit.
Figure 4. LAB Control Signal Generation
Notes to Figure 4:
(1) APEX 20KE devices have four dedicated clocks.
(2) The LABCLR1 and LABCLR2 signals also control asynchronous load and asynchronous preset for LEs within the
LAB.
(3) The SYNCCLR signal can be generated by the local interconnect or global signals.
SYNCCLR
or LABCLK2
(3)
SYNCLOAD
or LABCLKENA2
LABCLK1
LABCLKENA1
LABCLR2
(2)
LABCLR1
(2)
Dedicated
Clocks
Global
Signals
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
2 or 4
(1)
4
Altera Corporation 13
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Logic Element
The LE, the smallest unit of logic in the APEX 20K architecture, is compact
and provides efficient logic usage. Each LE contains a four-input LUT,
which is a function generator that can quickly implement any function of
four variables. In addition, each LE contains a programmable register and
carry and cascade chains. Each LE drives the local interconnect, MegaLAB
interconnect, and FastTrack Interconnect routing structures. See Figure 5.
Figure 5. APEX 20K Logic Element
Each LE’s programmable register can be configured for D, T, JK, or SR
operation. The register’s clock and clear control signals can be driven by
global signals, general-purpose I/O pins, or any internal logic. For
combinatorial functions, the register is bypassed and the output of the
LUT drives the outputs of the LE.
labclk1
labclk2
labclr1
labclr2
Carry-In
Clock &
Clock Enable
Select
Carry-Out
Look-Up
Table
(LUT)
Carry
Chain
Cascade
Chain
Cascade-In
Cascade-Out
To F
astTrack Interconnect,
MegaLAB Interconnect,
or Local Interconnect
To F
astTrack Interconnect,
MegaLAB Interconnect,
or Local Interconnect
Programmable
Register
PRN
CLRN
DQ
ENA
Register Bypass
Packed
Register Select
Chip-Wide
Reset
labclkena1
labclkena2
Synchronous
Load & Clear
Logic
LAB-wide
Synchronous
Load
LAB-wide
Synchronous
Clear
Asynchronous
Clear/Preset/
Load Logic
data1
data2
data3
data4
14 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Each LE has two outputs that drive the local, MegaLAB, or FastTrack
Interconnect routing structure. Each output can be driven independently
by the LUT’s or register’s output. For example, the LUT can drive one
output while the register drives the other output. This feature, called
register packing, improves device utilization because the register and the
LUT can be used for unrelated functions. The LE can also drive out
registered and unregistered versions of the LUT output.
The APEX 20K architecture provides two types of dedicated high-speed
data paths that connect adjacent LEs without using local interconnect
paths: carry chains and cascade chains. A carry chain supports high-speed
arithmetic functions such as counters and adders, while a cascade chain
implements wide-input functions such as equality comparators with
minimum delay. Carry and cascade chains connect LEs 1 through 10 in an
LAB and all LABs in the same MegaLAB structure.
Carry Chain
The carry chain provides a very fast carry-forward function between LEs.
The carry-in signal from a lower-order bit drives forward into the higher-
order bit via the carry chain, and feeds into both the LUT and the next
portion of the carry chain. This feature allows the APEX 20K architecture
to implement high-speed counters, adders, and comparators of arbitrary
width. Carry chain logic can be created automatically by the Quartus II
software Compiler during design processing, or manually by the designer
during design entry. Parameterized functions such as library of
parameterized modules (LPM) and DesignWare functions automatically
take advantage of carry chains for the appropriate functions.
The Quartus II software Compiler creates carry chains longer than ten LEs
by linking LABs together automatically. For enhanced fitting, a long carry
chain skips alternate LABs in a MegaLAB™ structure. A carry chain longer
than one LAB skips either from an even-numbered LAB to the next even-
numbered LAB, or from an odd-numbered LAB to the next odd-
numbered LAB. For example, the last LE of the first LAB in the upper-left
MegaLAB structure carries to the first LE of the third LAB in the
MegaLAB structure.
Figure 6 shows how an n-bit full adder can be implemented in n + 1 LEs
with the carry chain. One portion of the LUT generates the sum of two bits
using the input signals and the carry-in signal; the sum is routed to the
output of the LE. The register can be bypassed for simple adders or used
for accumulator functions. Another portion of the LUT and the carry chain
logic generates the carry-out signal, which is routed directly to the carry-
in signal of the next-higher-order bit. The final carry-out signal is routed
to an LE, where it is driven onto the local, MegaLAB, or FastTrack
Interconnect routing structures.
Altera Corporation 15
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 6. APEX 20K Carry Chain
LUT
a1
b1
Carry Chain
s1
LE1
Register
a2
b2
Carry Chain
s2
LE2
Register
Carry Chain
sn
LEn
Register
an
bn
Carry Chain
Carry-Out
LEn + 1
Register
Carry-In
LUT
LUT
LUT
16 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Cascade Chain
With the cascade chain, the APEX 20K architecture can implement
functions with a very wide fan-in. Adjacent LUTs can compute portions
of a function in parallel; the cascade chain serially connects the
intermediate values. The cascade chain can use a logical AND or logical OR
(via De Morgan’s inversion) to connect the outputs of adjacent LEs. Each
additional LE provides four more inputs to the effective width of a
function, with a short cascade delay. Cascade chain logic can be created
automatically by the Quartus II software Compiler during design
processing, or manually by the designer during design entry.
Cascade chains longer than ten LEs are implemented automatically by
linking LABs together. For enhanced fitting, a long cascade chain skips
alternate LABs in a MegaLAB structure. A cascade chain longer than one
LAB skips either from an even-numbered LAB to the next even-numbered
LAB, or from an odd-numbered LAB to the next odd-numbered LAB. For
example, the last LE of the first LAB in the upper-left MegaLAB structure
carries to the first LE of the third LAB in the MegaLAB structure. Figure 7
shows how the cascade function can connect adjacent LEs to form
functions with a wide fan-in.
Figure 7. APEX 20K Cascade Chain
LE1
LUT
LE2
LUT
d[3..0]
d[7..4]
d[(4
n –
1)..(4
n –
4)]
d[3..0]
d[7..4]
LE
n
LE1
LE2
LE
n
LUT
LUT
LUT
LUT
AND Cascade Chain OR Cascade Chain
d[(4
n –
1)..(4
n –
4)]
Altera Corporation 17
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
LE Operating Modes
The APEX 20K LE can operate in one of the following three modes:
■Normal mode
■Arithmetic mode
■Counter mode
Each mode uses LE resources differently. In each mode, seven available
inputs to the LE—the four data inputs from the LAB local interconnect,
the feedback from the programmable register, and the carry-in and
cascade-in from the previous LE—are directed to different destinations to
implement the desired logic function. LAB-wide signals provide clock,
asynchronous clear, asynchronous preset, asynchronous load,
synchronous clear, synchronous load, and clock enable control for the
register. These LAB-wide signals are available in all LE modes.
The Quartus II software, in conjunction with parameterized functions
such as LPM and DesignWare functions, automatically chooses the
appropriate mode for common functions such as counters, adders, and
multipliers. If required, the designer can also create special-purpose
functions that specify which LE operating mode to use for optimal
performance. Figure 8 shows the LE operating modes.
18 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 8. APEX 20K LE Operating Modes
Notes to Figure 8:
(1) LEs in normal mode support register packing.
(2) There are two LAB-wide clock enables per LAB.
(3) When using the carry-in in normal mode, the packed register feature is unavailable.
(4) A register feedback multiplexer is available on LE1 of each LAB.
(5) The DATA1 and DATA2 input signals can supply counter enable, up or down control, or register feedback signals for
LEs other than the second LE in an LAB.
(6) The LAB-wide synchronous clear and LAB wide synchronous load affect all registers in an LAB.
PRN
CLRN
DQ
4-Input
LUT
Carry-In
(3)
Cascade-Out
Cascade-In LE-Out
Normal Mode
(1)
PRN
CLRN
DQ
Cascade-Out
Cascade-In
3-Input
LUT
Carry-In
3-Input
LUT
Carry-Out
Arithmetic Mode
Counter Mode
data1
(5)
data2
(5)
PRN
CLRN
DQ
Carry-In
LUT
3-Input
3-Input
LUT
Carry-Out
data3 (data)
Cascade-Out
Cascade-In
LAB-Wide
Synchronous
Load
(6)
LAB-Wide
Synchronous
Clear
(6)
(4)
LE-Out
LE-Out
LE-Out
LE-Out
LE-Out
ENA
LAB-Wide
Clock Enable
(2)
ENA
LAB-Wide
Clock Enable
(2)
ENA
LAB-Wide
Clock Enable
(2)
data1
data2
data1
data2
data3
data4
Altera Corporation 19
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Normal Mode
The normal mode is suitable for general logic applications, combinatorial
functions, or wide decoding functions that can take advantage of a
cascade chain. In normal mode, four data inputs from the LAB local
interconnect and the carry-in are inputs to a four-input LUT. The
Quartus II software Compiler automatically selects the carry-in or the
DATA3 signal as one of the inputs to the LUT. The LUT output can be
combined with the cascade-in signal to form a cascade chain through the
cascade-out signal. LEs in normal mode support packed registers.
Arithmetic Mode
The arithmetic mode is ideal for implementing adders, accumulators, and
comparators. An LE in arithmetic mode uses two 3-input LUTs. One LUT
computes a three-input function; the other generates a carry output. As
shown in Figure 8, the first LUT uses the carry-in signal and two data
inputs from the LAB local interconnect to generate a combinatorial or
registered output. For example, when implementing an adder, this output
is the sum of three signals: DATA1, DATA2, and carry-in. The second LUT
uses the same three signals to generate a carry-out signal, thereby creating
a carry chain. The arithmetic mode also supports simultaneous use of the
cascade chain. LEs in arithmetic mode can drive out registered and
unregistered versions of the LUT output.
The Quartus II software implements parameterized functions that use the
arithmetic mode automatically where appropriate; the designer does not
need to specify how the carry chain will be used.
Counter Mode
The counter mode offers clock enable, counter enable, synchronous
up/down control, synchronous clear, and synchronous load options. The
counter enable and synchronous up/down control signals are generated
from the data inputs of the LAB local interconnect. The synchronous clear
and synchronous load options are LAB-wide signals that affect all
registers in the LAB. Consequently, if any of the LEs in an LAB use the
counter mode, other LEs in that LAB must be used as part of the same
counter or be used for a combinatorial function. The Quartus II software
automatically places any registers that are not used by the counter into
other LABs.
20 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
The counter mode uses two three-input LUTs: one generates the counter
data, and the other generates the fast carry bit. A 2-to-1 multiplexer
provides synchronous loading, and another AND gate provides
synchronous clearing. If the cascade function is used by an LE in counter
mode, the synchronous clear or load overrides any signal carried on the
cascade chain. The synchronous clear overrides the synchronous load.
LEs in arithmetic mode can drive out registered and unregistered versions
of the LUT output.
Clear & Preset Logic Control
Logic for the register’s clear and preset signals is controlled by LAB-wide
signals. The LE directly supports an asynchronous clear function. The
Quartus II software Compiler can use a NOT-gate push-back technique to
emulate an asynchronous preset. Moreover, the Quartus II software
Compiler can use a programmable NOT-gate push-back technique to
emulate simultaneous preset and clear or asynchronous load. However,
this technique uses three additional LEs per register. All emulation is
performed automatically when the design is compiled. Registers that
emulate simultaneous preset and load will enter an unknown state upon
power-up or when the chip-wide reset is asserted.
In addition to the two clear and preset modes, APEX 20K devices provide
a chip-wide reset pin (DEV_CLRn) that resets all registers in the device.
Use of this pin is controlled through an option in the Quartus II software
that is set before compilation. The chip-wide reset overrides all other
control signals. Registers using an asynchronous preset are preset when
the chip-wide reset is asserted; this effect results from the inversion
technique used to implement the asynchronous preset.
FastTrack Interconnect
In the APEX 20K architecture, connections between LEs, ESBs, and I/O
pins are provided by the FastTrack Interconnect. The FastTrack
Interconnect is a series of continuous horizontal and vertical routing
channels that traverse the device. This global routing structure provides
predictable performance, even in complex designs. In contrast, the
segmented routing in FPGAs requires switch matrices to connect a
variable number of routing paths, increasing the delays between logic
resources and reducing performance.
The FastTrack Interconnect consists of row and column interconnect
channels that span the entire device. The row interconnect routes signals
throughout a row of MegaLAB structures; the column interconnect routes
signals throughout a column of MegaLAB structures. When using the row
and column interconnect, an LE, IOE, or ESB can drive any other LE, IOE,
or ESB in a device. See Figure 9.
Altera Corporation 21
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 9. APEX 20K Interconnect Structure
A row line can be driven directly by LEs, IOEs, or ESBs in that row.
Further, a column line can drive a row line, allowing an LE, IOE, or ESB to
drive elements in a different row via the column and row interconnect.
The row interconnect drives the MegaLAB interconnect to drive LEs,
IOEs, or ESBs in a particular MegaLAB structure.
A column line can be directly driven by LEs, IOEs, or ESBs in that column.
A column line on a device’s left or right edge can also be driven by row
IOEs. The column line is used to route signals from one row to another. A
column line can drive a row line; it can also drive the MegaLAB
interconnect directly, allowing faster connections between rows.
Figure 10 shows how the FastTrack Interconnect uses the local
interconnect to drive LEs within MegaLAB structures.
MegaLAB MegaLAB MegaLAB MegaLAB I/O
I/O I/OI/OI/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
MegaLAB MegaLAB MegaLAB MegaLAB I/O
MegaLAB MegaLAB MegaLAB MegaLAB I/O
I/O I/OI/OI/O
Column
Interconnec
t
Column
Interconnect
Row
Interconnect
22 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 10. FastTrack Connection to Local Interconnect
L
A
B
L
A
B
L
A
B
L
A
B
E
S
B
L
A
B
L
A
B
I/O
I/O
MegaLAB
Column
Row
MegaLAB
MegaLAB
Interconnect
Row & Column
Interconnect Drives
MegaLAB Interconnect
MegaLAB
Interconnect Drives
Local Interconnect
L
A
B
L
A
B
E
S
B
Row
Column
E
S
B
L
A
B
Altera Corporation 23
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 11 shows the intersection of a row and column interconnect, and
how these forms of interconnects and LEs drive each other.
Figure 11. Driving the FastTrack Interconnect
APEX 20KE devices include an enhanced interconnect structure for faster
routing of input signals with high fan-out. Column I/O pins can drive the
FastRow™ interconnect, which routes signals directly into the local
interconnect without having to drive through the MegaLAB interconnect.
FastRow lines traverse two MegaLAB structures. Also, these pins can
drive the local interconnect directly for fast setup times. On EP20K300E
and larger devices, the FastRow interconnect drives the two MegaLABs in
the top left corner, the two MegaLABs in the top right corner, the two
MegaLABS in the bottom left corner, and the two MegaLABs in the
bottom right corner. On EP20K200E and smaller devices, FastRow
interconnect drives the two MegaLABs on the top and the two MegaLABs
on the bottom of the device. On all devices, the FastRow interconnect
drives all local interconnect in the appropriate MegaLABs except the local
interconnect on the side of the MegaLAB opposite the ESB. Pins using the
FastRow interconnect achieve a faster set-up time, as the signal does not
need to use a MegaLAB interconnect line to reach the destination LE.
Figure 12 shows the FastRow interconnect.
Row Interconnect
MegaLAB Interconnect
LE
Column
Interconnec
t
Local
Interconnect
24 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 12. APEX 20KE FastRow Interconnect
Table 9 summarizes how various elements of the APEX 20K architecture
drive each other.
IOE IOE IOE IOE
FastRow Interconnect
Drives Local Interconnect
in Two MegaLAB Structures
MegaLAB MegaLAB
Local
Interconnect
Select Vertical I/O Pins
Drive Local Interconnec
t
and FastRow
Interconnect
FastRow
Interconnect
LEs
LABs
Altera Corporation 25
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Note to Table 9:
(1) This connection is supported in APEX 20KE devices only.
Product-Term Logic
The product-term portion of the MultiCore architecture is implemented
with the ESB. The ESB can be configured to act as a block of macrocells on
an ESB-by-ESB basis. Each ESB is fed by 32 inputs from the adjacent local
interconnect; therefore, it can be driven by the MegaLAB interconnect or
the adjacent LAB. Also, nine ESB macrocells feed back into the ESB
through the local interconnect for higher performance. Dedicated clock
pins, global signals, and additional inputs from the local interconnect
drive the ESB control signals.
In product-term mode, each ESB contains 16 macrocells. Each macrocell
consists of two product terms and a programmable register. Figure 13
shows the ESB in product-term mode.
Table 9. APEX 20K Routing Scheme
Source Destination
Row
I/O Pin
Column
I/O Pin
LE ESB Local
Interconnect
MegaLAB
Interconnect
Row
FastTrack
Interconnect
Column
FastTrack
Interconnect
FastRow
Interconnect
Row I/O Pin vvvv
Column I/O
Pin
vv
(1)
LE vvvv
ESB vvvv
Local
Interconnect
vvvv
MegaLAB
Interconnect
v
Row
FastTrack
Interconnect
v v
Column
FastTrack
Interconnect
vv
FastRow
Interconnect
v
(1)
26 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 13. Product-Term Logic in ESB
Note to Figure 13:
(1) APEX 20KE devices have four dedicated clocks.
Macrocells
APEX 20K macrocells can be configured individually for either sequential
or combinatorial logic operation. The macrocell consists of three
functional blocks: the logic array, the product-term select matrix, and the
programmable register.
Combinatorial logic is implemented in the product terms. The product-
term select matrix allocates these product terms for use as either primary
logic inputs (to the OR and XOR gates) to implement combinatorial
functions, or as parallel expanders to be used to increase the logic
available to another macrocell. One product term can be inverted; the
Quartus II software uses this feature to perform DeMorgan’s inversion for
more efficient implementation of wide OR functions. The Quartus II
software Compiler can use a NOT-gate push-back technique to emulate an
asynchronous preset. Figure 14 shows the APEX 20K macrocell.
Global Signals
Dedicated Clocks
Macrocell
Inputs (1-16)
CLK[1..0]
ENA[1..0]
CLRN[1..0]
From
Adjacent
LAB
MegaLAB Interconnect
To Row
and Column
Interconnect
216
32
2
2
4 2 or 4
(1)
65
Local
Interconnect
9
Altera Corporation 27
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 14. APEX 20K Macrocell
For registered functions, each macrocell register can be programmed
individually to implement D, T, JK, or SR operation with programmable
clock control. The register can be bypassed for combinatorial operation.
During design entry, the designer specifies the desired register type; the
Quartus II software then selects the most efficient register operation for
each registered function to optimize resource utilization. The Quartus II
software or other synthesis tools can also select the most efficient register
operation automatically when synthesizing HDL designs.
Each programmable register can be clocked by one of two ESB-wide
clocks. The ESB-wide clocks can be generated from device dedicated clock
pins, global signals, or local interconnect. Each clock also has an
associated clock enable, generated from the local interconnect. The clock
and clock enable signals are related for a particular ESB; any macrocell
using a clock also uses the associated clock enable.
If both the rising and falling edges of a clock are used in an ESB, both
ESB-wide clock signals are used.
Clock/
Enable
Select
Product-
Term
Select
Matrix
Parallel Logic
Expanders
(From Other
Macrocells)
ESB-Wide
Clears
ESB-Wide
Clock Enables
ESB-Wide
Clocks
32 Signals
from Local
Interconnect
Clear
Select
ESB
Output
Programmable
Register
222
ENA
D
CLRN
Q
28 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
The programmable register also supports an asynchronous clear function.
Within the ESB, two asynchronous clears are generated from global
signals and the local interconnect. Each macrocell can either choose
between the two asynchronous clear signals or choose to not be cleared.
Either of the two clear signals can be inverted within the ESB. Figure 15
shows the ESB control logic when implementing product-terms.
Figure 15. ESB Product-Term Mode Control Logic
Note to Figure 15:
(1) APEX 20KE devices have four dedicated clocks.
Parallel Expanders
Parallel expanders are unused product terms that can be allocated to a
neighboring macrocell to implement fast, complex logic functions.
Parallel expanders allow up to 32 product terms to feed the macrocell OR
logic directly, with two product terms provided by the macrocell and 30
parallel expanders provided by the neighboring macrocells in the ESB.
The Quartus II software Compiler can allocate up to 15 sets of up to two
parallel expanders per set to the macrocells automatically. Each set of two
parallel expanders incurs a small, incremental timing delay. Figure 16
shows the APEX 20K parallel expanders.
CLK2 CLKENA2 CLK1 CLKENA1 CLR2 CLR1
Dedicated
Clocks
Global
Signals
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
2 or 4
(1)
4
Altera Corporation 29
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 16. APEX 20K Parallel Expanders
Embedded
System Block
The ESB can implement various types of memory blocks, including
dual-port RAM, ROM, FIFO, and CAM blocks. The ESB includes input
and output registers; the input registers synchronize writes, and the
output registers can pipeline designs to improve system performance. The
ESB offers a dual-port mode, which supports simultaneous reads and
writes at two different clock frequencies. Figure 17 shows the ESB block
diagram.
Figure 17. ESB Block Diagram
32 Signals from
Local Interconnect To Next
Macrocell
From
Previous
Macrocell
Product-
Term
Select
Matrix
Product-
Term
Select
Matrix
Macrocell
Product-
Term Logi
c
Macrocell
Product-
Term Logi
c
Parallel
Expander Switch
Parallel
Expander Switch
wraddress[]
data[]
wren
inclock
inclocken
inaclr
rdaddress[]
q[]
rden
outclock
outclocken
outaclr
30 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
ESBs can implement synchronous RAM, which is easier to use than
asynchronous RAM. A circuit using asynchronous RAM must generate
the RAM write enable (WE) signal, while ensuring that its data and address
signals meet setup and hold time specifications relative to the WE signal.
In contrast, the ESB’s synchronous RAM generates its own WE signal and
is self-timed with respect to the global clock. Circuits using the ESB’s self-
timed RAM must only meet the setup and hold time specifications of the
global clock.
ESB inputs are driven by the adjacent local interconnect, which in turn can
be driven by the MegaLAB or FastTrack Interconnect. Because the ESB can
be driven by the local interconnect, an adjacent LE can drive it directly for
fast memory access. ESB outputs drive the MegaLAB and FastTrack
Interconnect. In addition, ten ESB outputs, nine of which are unique
output lines, drive the local interconnect for fast connection to adjacent
LEs or for fast feedback product-term logic.
When implementing memory, each ESB can be configured in any of the
following sizes: 128 ×16, 256 ×8, 512 ×4, 1,024 ×2, or 2,048 ×1. By
combining multiple ESBs, the Quartus II software implements larger
memory blocks automatically. For example, two 128 ×16 RAM blocks can
be combined to form a 128 ×32 RAM block, and two 512 ×4 RAM blocks
can be combined to form a 512 ×8 RAM block. Memory performance does
not degrade for memory blocks up to 2,048 words deep. Each ESB can
implement a 2,048-word-deep memory; the ESBs are used in parallel,
eliminating the need for any external control logic and its associated
delays.
To create a high-speed memory block that is more than 2,048 words deep,
ESBs drive tri-state lines. Each tri-state line connects all ESBs in a column
of MegaLAB structures, and drives the MegaLAB interconnect and row
and column FastTrack Interconnect throughout the column. Each ESB
incorporates a programmable decoder to activate the tri-state driver
appropriately. For instance, to implement 8,192-word-deep memory, four
ESBs are used. Eleven address lines drive the ESB memory, and two more
drive the tri-state decoder. Depending on which 2,048-word memory
page is selected, the appropriate ESB driver is turned on, driving the
output to the tri-state line. The Quartus II software automatically
combines ESBs with tri-state lines to form deeper memory blocks. The
internal tri-state control logic is designed to avoid internal contention and
floating lines. See Figure 18.
Altera Corporation 31
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 18. Deep Memory Block Implemented with Multiple ESBs
The ESB implements two forms of dual-port memory: read/write clock
mode and input/output clock mode. The ESB can also be used for
bidirectional, dual-port memory applications in which two ports read or
write simultaneously. To implement this type of dual-port memory, two
or four ESBs are used to support two simultaneous reads or writes. This
functionality is shown in Figure 19.
Figure 19. APEX 20K ESB Implementing Dual-Port RAM
ESB
ESB
ESB
to System Logic
Address Decoder
Port A Port B
address_a[] address_b[]
data_a[] data_b[]
we_a we_b
clkena_a clkena_b
Clock A Clock B
32 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Read/Write Clock Mode
The read/write clock mode contains two clocks. One clock controls all
registers associated with writing: data input, WE, and write address. The
other clock controls all registers associated with reading: read enable
(RE), read address, and data output. The ESB also supports clock enable
and asynchronous clear signals; these signals also control the read and
write registers independently. Read/write clock mode is commonly used
for applications where reads and writes occur at different system
frequencies. Figure 20 shows the ESB in read/write clock mode.
Figure 20. ESB in Read/Write Clock Mode Note (1)
Notes to Figure 20:
(1) All registers can be cleared asynchronously by ESB local interconnect signals, global signals, or the chip-wide reset.
(2) APEX 20KE devices have four dedicated clocks.
Dedicated Clocks
2 or 4 4
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
data[ ]
rdaddress[ ]
wraddress[ ]
RAM/ROM
128 × 16
256 × 8
512 × 4
1,024 × 2
2,048 × 1
Data In
Read Address
Write Address
Read Enable
Write Enable
Data Out
outclocken
inclocken
inclock
outclock
D
ENA
Q
Write
Pulse
Generator
rden
wren
Dedicated Inputs &
Global Signals
To MegaLAB,
FastTrack &
Local
Interconnect
(2)
Altera Corporation 33
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Input/Output Clock Mode
The input/output clock mode contains two clocks. One clock controls all
registers for inputs into the ESB: data input, WE, RE, read address, and
write address. The other clock controls the ESB data output registers. The
ESB also supports clock enable and asynchronous clear signals; these
signals also control the reading and writing of registers independently.
Input/output clock mode is commonly used for applications where the
reads and writes occur at the same system frequency, but require different
clock enable signals for the input and output registers. Figure 21 shows
the ESB in input/output clock mode.
Figure 21. ESB in Input/Output Clock Mode Note (1)
Notes to Figure 21:
(1) All registers can be cleared asynchronously by ESB local interconnect signals, global signals, or the chip-wide reset.
(2) APEX 20KE devices have four dedicated clocks.
Single-Port Mode
The APEX 20K ESB also supports a single-port mode, which is used when
simultaneous reads and writes are not required. See Figure 22.
Dedicated Clocks
2 or 4 4
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
data[ ]
rdaddress[ ]
wraddress[ ]
RAM/ROM
128 × 16
256 × 8
512 × 4
1,024 × 2
2,048 × 1
Data In
Read Address
Write Address
Read Enable
Write Enable
Data Out
outclken
inclken
inclock
outclock
D
ENA
Q
Write
Pulse
Generator
rden
wren
Dedicated Inputs &
Global Signals
to MegaLAB,
FastTrack &
Local
Interconnect
(2)
34 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 22. ESB in Single-Port Mode Note (1)
Notes to Figure 22:
(1) All registers can be asynchronously cleared by ESB local interconnect signals, global signals, or the chip-wide reset.
(2) APEX 20KE devices have four dedicated clocks.
Content-Addressable Memory
In APEX 20KE devices, the ESB can implement CAM. CAM can be
thought of as the inverse of RAM. When read, RAM outputs the data for
a given address. Conversely, CAM outputs an address for a given data
word. For example, if the data FA12 is stored in address 14, the CAM
outputs 14 when FA12 is driven into it.
CAM is used for high-speed search operations. When searching for data
within a RAM block, the search is performed serially. Thus, finding a
particular data word can take many cycles. CAM searches all addresses in
parallel and outputs the address storing a particular word. When a match
is found, a match flag is set high. Figure 23 shows the CAM block
diagram.
Dedicated Clocks
2 or 4 4
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
D
ENA
Q
data[ ]
address[ ]
RAM/ROM
128 × 16
256 × 8
512 × 4
1,024 × 2
2,048 × 1
Data In
Address
Write Enable
Data Out
outclken
inclken
inclock
outclock
Write
Pulse
Generator
wren
Dedicated Inputs &
Global Signals
to MegaLAB,
FastTrack &
Local
Interconnect
(2)
Altera Corporation 35
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 23. APEX 20KE CAM Block Diagram
CAM can be used in any application requiring high-speed searches, such
as networking, communications, data compression, and cache
management.
The APEX 20KE on-chip CAM provides faster system performance than
traditional discrete CAM. Integrating CAM and logic into the APEX 20KE
device eliminates off-chip and on-chip delays, improving system
performance.
When in CAM mode, the ESB implements 32-word, 32-bit CAM. Wider or
deeper CAM can be implemented by combining multiple CAMs with
some ancillary logic implemented in LEs. The Quartus II software
combines ESBs and LEs automatically to create larger CAMs.
CAM supports writing “don’t care” bits into words of the memory. The
“don’t-care” bit can be used as a mask for CAM comparisons; any bit set
to “don’t-care” has no effect on matches.
The output of the CAM can be encoded or unencoded. When encoded, the
ESB outputs an encoded address of the data’s location. For instance, if the
data is located in address 12, the ESB output is 12. When unencoded, the
ESB uses its 16 outputs to show the location of the data over two clock
cycles. In this case, if the data is located in address 12, the 12th output line
goes high. When using unencoded outputs, two clock cycles are required
to read the output because a 16-bit output bus is used to show the status
of 32 words.
The encoded output is better suited for designs that ensure duplicate data
is not written into the CAM. If duplicate data is written into two locations,
the CAM’s output will be incorrect. If the CAM may contain duplicate
data, the unencoded output is a better solution; CAM with unencoded
outputs can distinguish multiple data locations.
CAM can be pre-loaded with data during configuration, or it can be
written during system operation. In most cases, two clock cycles are
required to write each word into CAM. When “don’t-care” bits are used,
a third clock cycle is required.
wraddress[]
data[]
wren
inclock
inclocken
inaclr
data_address[]
match
outclock
outclocken
outaclr
36 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
fFor more information on APEX 20KE devices and CAM, see Application
Note 119 (Implementing High-Speed Search Applications with APEX CAM).
Driving Signals to the ESB
ESBs provide flexible options for driving control signals. Different clocks
can be used for the ESB inputs and outputs. Registers can be inserted
independently on the data input, data output, read address, write
address, WE, and RE signals. The global signals and the local interconnect
can drive the WE and RE signals. The global signals, dedicated clock pins,
and local interconnect can drive the ESB clock signals. Because the LEs
drive the local interconnect, the LEs can control the WE and RE signals and
the ESB clock, clock enable, and asynchronous clear signals. Figure 24
shows the ESB control signal generation logic.
Figure 24. ESB Control Signal Generation
Note to Figure 24:
(1) APEX 20KE devices have four dedicated clocks.
An ESB is fed by the local interconnect, which is driven by adjacent LEs
(for high-speed connection to the ESB) or the MegaLAB interconnect. The
ESB can drive the local, MegaLAB, or FastTrack Interconnect routing
structure to drive LEs and IOEs in the same MegaLAB structure or
anywhere in the device.
RDEN WREN INCLOCK
INCLKENA
OUTCLOCK
OUTCLKENA
Dedicated
Clocks
Global
Signals
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect
2 or 4
4
Local
Interconnect
Local
Interconnect INCLR OUTCLR
(1)
Altera Corporation 37
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Implementing Logic in ROM
In addition to implementing logic with product terms, the ESB can
implement logic functions when it is programmed with a read-only
pattern during configuration, creating a large LUT. With LUTs,
combinatorial functions are implemented by looking up the results, rather
than by computing them. This implementation of combinatorial functions
can be faster than using algorithms implemented in general logic, a
performance advantage that is further enhanced by the fast access times of
ESBs. The large capacity of ESBs enables designers to implement complex
functions in one logic level without the routing delays associated with
linked LEs or distributed RAM blocks. Parameterized functions such as
LPM functions can take advantage of the ESB automatically. Further, the
Quartus II software can implement portions of a design with ESBs where
appropriate.
Programmable Speed/Power Control
APEX 20K ESBs offer a high-speed mode that supports very fast operation
on an ESB-by-ESB basis. When high speed is not required, this feature can
be turned off to reduce the ESB’s power dissipation by up to 50%. ESBs
that run at low power incur a nominal timing delay adder. This
Turbo BitTM option is available for ESBs that implement product-term
logic or memory functions. An ESB that is not used will be powered down
so that it does not consume DC current.
Designers can program each ESB in the APEX 20K device for either
high-speed or low-power operation. As a result, speed-critical paths in the
design can run at high speed, while the remaining paths operate at
reduced power.
I/O Structure The APEX 20K IOE contains a bidirectional I/O buffer and a register that
can be used either as an input register for external data requiring fast setup
times, or as an output register for data requiring fast clock-to-output
performance. IOEs can be used as input, output, or bidirectional pins. For
fast bidirectional I/O timing, LE registers using local routing can improve
setup times and OE timing. The Quartus II software Compiler uses the
programmable inversion option to invert signals from the row and column
interconnect automatically where appropriate. Because the APEX 20K IOE
offers one output enable per pin, the Quartus II software Compiler can
emulate open-drain operation efficiently.
The APEX 20K IOE includes programmable delays that can be activated to
ensure zero hold times, minimum clock-to-output times, input IOE
register-to-core register transfers, or core-to-output IOE register transfers.
A path in which a pin directly drives a register may require the delay to
ensure zero hold time, whereas a path in which a pin drives a register
through combinatorial logic may not require the delay.
38 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 10 describes the APEX 20K programmable delays and their logic
options in the Quartus II software.
The Quartus II software compiler can program these delays automatically
to minimize setup time while providing a zero hold time. Figure 25 shows
how fast bidirectional I/Os are implemented in APEX 20K devices.
The register in the APEX 20K IOE can be programmed to power-up high
or low after configuration is complete. If it is programmed to power-up
low, an asynchronous clear can control the register. If it is programmed to
power-up high, the register cannot be asynchronously cleared or preset.
This feature is useful for cases where the APEX 20K device controls an
active-low input or another device; it prevents inadvertent activation of
the input upon power-up.
Table 10. APEX 20K Programmable Delay Chains
Programmable Delays Quartus II Logic Option
Input pin to core delay Decrease input delay to internal cells
Input pin to input register delay Decrease input delay to input register
Core to output register delay Decrease input delay to output register
Output register tCO delay Increase delay to output pin
Altera Corporation 39
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 25. APEX 20K Bidirectional I/O Registers Note (1)
Note to Figure 25:
(1) The output enable and input registers are LE registers in the LAB adjacent to the bidirectional pin.
VCC
OE[7..0]
CLK[1..0]
ENA[5..0]
CLRn[1..0]
Peripheral Control
Bus
CLRN
DQ
ENA
VCC
2 Dedicated
Clock Inputs
Chip-Wide
Output Enable
CLK[3..2]
2
12
VCC
VCC
Chip-Wide
Reset
Input Pin to
Core Delay
Slew-Rate
Control
VCCIO
Optional
PCI Clamp
Output Register
t Delay
Core to Output
Register Delay
Input Pin to Input
Register Delay
CLRN
DQ
ENA
VCC
Chip-Wide
Reset
Input Register
Output Register
CLRN
DQ
ENA
Chip-Wide Reset
VCC
OE Register
VCC
4 Dedicated
Inputs
Row, Column,
or Local Interconnect
CO
Open-Drain
Output
40 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
APEX 20KE devices include an enhanced IOE, which drives the FastRow
interconnect. The FastRow interconnect connects a column I/O pin
directly to the LAB local interconnect within two MegaLAB structures.
This feature provides fast setup times for pins that drive high fan-outs
with complex logic, such as PCI designs. For fast bidirectional I/O timing,
LE registers using local routing can improve setup times and OE timing.
The APEX 20KE IOE also includes direct support for open-drain
operation, giving faster clock-to-output for open-drain signals. Some
programmable delays in the APEX 20KE IOE offer multiple levels of delay
to fine-tune setup and hold time requirements. The Quartus II software
compiler can set these delays automatically to minimize setup time while
providing a zero hold time.
Table 11 describes the APEX 20KE programmable delays and their logic
options in the Quartus II software.
The register in the APEX 20KE IOE can be programmed to power-up high
or low after configuration is complete. If it is programmed to power-up
low, an asynchronous clear can control the register. If it is programmed to
power-up high, an asynchronous preset can control the register. Figure 26
shows how fast bidirectional I/O pins are implemented in APEX 20KE
devices. This feature is useful for cases where the APEX 20KE device
controls an active-low input or another device; it prevents inadvertent
activation of the input upon power-up.
Table 11. APEX 20KE Programmable Delay Chains
Programmable Delays Quartus II Logic Option
Input Pin to Core Delay Decrease input delay to internal cells
Input Pin to Input Register Delay Decrease input delay to input registers
Core to Output Register Delay Decrease input delay to output register
Output Register tCO Delay Increase delay to output pin
Clock Enable Delay Increase clock enable delay
Altera Corporation 41
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 26. APEX 20KE Bidirectional I/O Registers Notes (1), (2)
Notes to Figure 26:
(1) This programmable delay has four settings: off and three levels of delay.
(2) The output enable and input registers are LE registers in the LAB adjacent to the bidirectional pin.
VCC
OE[7..0]
CLK[1..0]
ENA[5..0]
CLRn[1..0]
Peripheral Control
Bus
CLRN/
PRN
DQ
ENA
VCC
4 Dedicated
Clock Inputs
Chip-Wide
Output Enable
CLK[3..0]
4
12
VCC
VCC
Chip-Wide
Reset
Input Pin to
Core Delay
(1)
Slew-Rate
Control
Open-Drain
Output
VCCIO
Optional
PCI Clamp
Output Register
t Delay
Core to Output
Register Delay
Input Pin to Input
Register Delay
CLRN
DQ
ENA
VCC
Chip-Wide
Reset
Input Register
Output Register
CLRN
DQ
ENA
Chip-Wide Reset
VCC
OE Register
VCC
4 Dedicated
Inputs
Row, Column, FastRow,
or Local Interconnect
Clock Enable
Delay
(1
)
Input Pin to
Core Delay
(1)
CO
Input Pin to
Core Delay
(1)
42 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Each IOE drives a row, column, MegaLAB, or local interconnect when
used as an input or bidirectional pin. A row IOE can drive a local,
MegaLAB, row, and column interconnect; a column IOE can drive the
column interconnect. Figure 27 shows how a row IOE connects to the
interconnect.
Figure 27. Row IOE Connection to the Interconnect
Row Interconnect MegaLAB Interconnect
Any LE can drive a
pin through the row,
column, and MegaLAB
interconnect.
An LE can drive a pin through the
local interconnect for faster
clock-to-output times.
IOE
IOE
Each IOE can drive local,
MegaLAB, row, and column
interconnect. Each IOE data
and OE signal is driven by
the local interconnect.
LAB
Altera Corporation 43
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 28 shows how a column IOE connects to the interconnect.
Figure 28. Column IOE Connection to the Interconnect
Dedicated Fast I/O Pins
APEX 20KE devices incorporate an enhancement to support bidirectional
pins with high internal fanout such as PCI control signals. These pins are
called Dedicated Fast I/O pins (FAST1, FAST2, FAST3, and FAST4) and
replace dedicated inputs. These pins can be used for fast clock, clear, or
high fanout logic signal distribution. They also can drive out. The
Dedicated Fast I/O pin data output and tri-state control are driven by
local interconnect from the adjacent MegaLAB for high speed.
Row Interconnect
Column Interconnec
t
Each IOE can drive column interconnect. In APEX 20KE devices,
IOEs can also drive FastRow interconnect. Each IOE data
and OE signal is driven by local interconnect.
Any LE or ESB can drive
a column pin through a
row, column, and MegaLAB
interconnect.
IOE IOE
LAB
An LE or ESB can drive a
pin through a local
interconnect for faster
clock-to-output times.
MegaLAB Interconnect
44 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Advanced I/O Standard Support
APEX 20KE IOEs support the following I/O standards: LVTTL,
LVCMOS, 1.8-V I/O, 2.5-V I/O, 3.3-V PCI, PCI-X, 3.3-V AGP, LVDS,
LVPECL, GTL+, CTT, HSTL Class I, SSTL-3 Class I and II, and SSTL-2
Class I and II.
fFor more information on I/O standards supported by APEX 20KE
devices, see Application Note 117 (Using Selectable I/O Standards in Altera
Devices).
The APEX 20KE device contains eight I/O banks. In QFP packages, the
banks are linked to form four I/O banks. The I/O banks directly support
all standards except LVDS and LVPECL. All I/O banks can support LVDS
and LVPECL with the addition of external resistors. In addition, one block
within a bank contains circuitry to support high-speed True-LVDS and
LVPECL inputs, and another block within a particular bank supports
high-speed True-LVDS and LVPECL outputs. The LVDS blocks support
all of the I/O standards. Each I/O bank has its own VCCIO pins. A single
device can support 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V interfaces; each bank can
support a different standard independently. Each bank can also use a
separate VREF level so that each bank can support any of the terminated
standards (such as SSTL-3) independently. Within a bank, any one of the
terminated standards can be supported. EP20K300E and larger
APEX 20KE devices support the LVDS interface for data pins (smaller
devices support LVDS clock pins, but not data pins). All EP20K300E and
larger devices support the LVDS interface for data pins up to 155 Mbit per
channel; EP20K400E devices and larger with an X-suffix on the ordering
code add a serializer/deserializer circuit and PLL for higher-speed
support.
Each bank can support multiple standards with the same VCCIO for
output pins. Each bank can support one voltage-referenced I/O standard,
but it can support multiple I/O standards with the same VCCIO voltage
level. For example, when VCCIO is 3.3 V, a bank can support LVTTL,
LVCMOS, 3.3-V PCI, and SSTL-3 for inputs and outputs.
When the LVDS banks are not used as LVDS I/O banks, they support all
of the other I/O standards. Figure 29 shows the arrangement of the
APEX 20KE I/O banks.
Altera Corporation 45
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 29. APEX 20KE I/O Banks
Notes to Figure 29:
(1) For more information on placing I/O pins in LVDS blocks, refer to the Guidelines for
Using LVDS Blocks section in Application Note 120 (Using LVDS in APEX 20KE
Devices).
(2) If the LVDS input and output blocks are not used for LVDS, they can support all of
the I/O standards and can be used as input, output, or bidirectional pins with
VCCIO set to 3.3 V, 2.5 V, or 1.8 V.
Power Sequencing & Hot Socketing
Because APEX 20K and APEX 20KE devices can be used in a mixed-
voltage environment, they have been designed specifically to tolerate any
possible power-up sequence. Therefore, the VCCIO and VCCINT power
supplies may be powered in any order.
fFor more information, please refer to the “Power Sequencing
Considerations” section in the Configuring APEX 20KE & APEX 20KC
Devices chapter of the Configuration Devices Handbook.
Signals can be driven into APEX 20K devices before and during power-up
without damaging the device. In addition, APEX 20K devices do not drive
out during power-up. Once operating conditions are reached and the
device is configured, APEX 20K and APEX 20KE devices operate as
specified by the user.
LVDS/LVPEC
L
Input
Block (2)
(1)
LVDS/LVPECL
Output
Block (2)
(1)
Regular I/O Blocks Support
■ LVTTL
■ LVCMOS
■ 2.5 V
■ 1.8 V
■ 3.3 V PCI
■ LVPECL
■ HSTL Class I
■ GTL+
■ SSTL-2 Class I and II
■ SSTL-3 Class I and II
■ CTT
■ AGP
Individual
Power Bus
I/O Bank 8
I/O Bank 1 I/O Bank 2
I/O Bank 3
I/O Bank 4
I/O Bank 5I/O Bank 6
I/O Bank 7
46 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Under hot socketing conditions, APEX 20KE devices will not sustain any
damage, but the I/O pins will drive out.
MultiVolt I/O
Interface
The APEX device architecture supports the MultiVolt I/O interface
feature, which allows APEX devices in all packages to interface with
systems of different supply voltages. The devices have one set of VCC pins
for internal operation and input buffers (VCCINT), and another set for I/O
output drivers (VCCIO).
The APEX 20K VCCINT pins must always be connected to a 2.5 V power
supply. With a 2.5-V VCCINT level, input pins are 2.5-V, 3.3-V, and 5.0-V
tolerant. The VCCIO pins can be connected to either a 2.5-V or 3.3-V power
supply, depending on the output requirements. When VCCIO pins are
connected to a 2.5-V power supply, the output levels are compatible with
2.5-V systems. When the VCCIO pins are connected to a 3.3-V power
supply, the output high is 3.3 V and is compatible with 3.3-V or 5.0-V
systems.
Table 12 summarizes 5.0-V tolerant APEX 20K MultiVolt I/O support.
Notes to Table 12:
(1) The PCI clamping diode must be disabled to drive an input with voltages higher
than VCCIO.
(2) When VCCIO = 3.3 V, an APEX 20K device can drive a 2.5-V device with 3.3-V
tolerant inputs.
Open-drain output pins on 5.0-V tolerant APEX 20K devices (with a pull-
up resistor to the 5.0-V supply) can drive 5.0-V CMOS input pins that
require a VIH of 3.5 V. When the pin is inactive, the trace will be pulled up
to 5.0 V by the resistor. The open-drain pin will only drive low or tri-state;
it will never drive high. The rise time is dependent on the value of the pull-
up resistor and load impedance. The IOL current specification should be
considered when selecting a pull-up resistor.
Table 12. 5.0-V Tolerant APEX 20K MultiVolt I/O Support
VCCIO (V) Input Signals (V) Output Signals (V)
2.5 3.3 5.0 2.5 3.3 5.0
2.5 vv(1) v(1) v
3.3 vv v(1) v(2) vv
Altera Corporation 47
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
APEX 20KE devices also support the MultiVolt I/O interface feature. The
APEX 20KE VCCINT pins must always be connected to a 1.8-V power
supply. With a 1.8-V VCCINT level, input pins are 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V
tolerant. The VCCIO pins can be connected to either a 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V
power supply, depending on the I/O standard requirements. When the
VCCIO pins are connected to a 1.8-V power supply, the output levels are
compatible with 1.8-V systems. When VCCIO pins are connected to a 2.5-V
power supply, the output levels are compatible with 2.5-V systems. When
VCCIO pins are connected to a 3.3-V power supply, the output high is
3.3 V and compatible with 3.3-V or 5.0-V systems. An APEX 20KE device
is 5.0-V tolerant with the addition of a resistor.
Table 13 summarizes APEX 20KE MultiVolt I/O support.
Notes to Table 13:
(1) The PCI clamping diode must be disabled to drive an input with voltages higher than VCCIO, except for the 5.0-V
input case.
(2) An APEX 20KE device can be made 5.0-V tolerant with the addition of an external resistor. You also need a PCI
clamp and series resistor.
(3) When VCCIO = 3.3 V, an APEX 20KE device can drive a 2.5-V device with 3.3-V tolerant inputs.
ClockLock &
ClockBoost
Features
APEX 20K devices support the ClockLock and ClockBoost clock
management features, which are implemented with PLLs. The ClockLock
circuitry uses a synchronizing PLL that reduces the clock delay and skew
within a device. This reduction minimizes clock-to-output and setup
times while maintaining zero hold times. The ClockBoost circuitry, which
provides a clock multiplier, allows the designer to enhance device area
efficiency by sharing resources within the device. The ClockBoost
circuitry allows the designer to distribute a low-speed clock and multiply
that clock on-device. APEX 20K devices include a high-speed clock tree;
unlike ASICs, the user does not have to design and optimize the clock tree.
The ClockLock and ClockBoost features work in conjunction with the
APEX 20K device’s high-speed clock to provide significant improvements
in system performance and band-width. Devices with an X-suffix on the
ordering code include the ClockLock circuit.
The ClockLock and ClockBoost features in APEX 20K devices are enabled
through the Quartus II software. External devices are not required to use
these features.
Table 13. APEX 20KE MultiVolt I/O Support Note (1)
VCCIO (V) Input Signals (V) Output Signals (V)
1.8 2.5 3.3 5.0 1.8 2.5 3.3 5.0
1.8 vv v v
2.5 vvv v
3.3 vvv(2) v(3)
48 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
For designs that require both a multiplied and non-multiplied clock, the
clock trace on the board can be connected to CLK2p. Table 14 shows the
combinations supported by the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry. The
CLK2p pin can feed both the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry in the
APEX 20K device. However, when both circuits are used, the other clock
pin (CLK1p) cannot be used.
APEX 20KE ClockLock Feature
APEX 20KE devices include an enhanced ClockLock feature set. These
devices include up to four PLLs, which can be used independently. Two
PLLs are designed for either general-purpose use or LVDS use (on devices
that support LVDS I/O pins). The remaining two PLLs are designed for
general-purpose use. The EP20K200E and smaller devices have two PLLs;
the EP20K300E and larger devices have four PLLs.
The following sections describe some of the features offered by the
APEX 20KE PLLs.
External PLL Feedback
The ClockLock circuit’s output can be driven off-chip to clock other
devices in the system; further, the feedback loop of the PLL can be routed
off-chip. This feature allows the designer to exercise fine control over the
I/O interface between the APEX 20KE device and another high-speed
device, such as SDRAM.
Clock Multiplication
The APEX 20KE ClockBoost circuit can multiply or divide clocks by a
programmable number. The clock can be multiplied by m/(n × k) or
m/(n × v), where m and k range from 2 to 160, and n and v range from 1 to
16. Clock multiplication and division can be used for time-domain
multiplexing and other functions, which can reduce design LE
requirements.
Table 14. Multiplication Factor Combinations
Clock 1 Clock 2
×1×1
×1, ×2×2
×1, ×2, ×4×4
Altera Corporation 49
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Clock Phase & Delay Adjustment
The APEX 20KE ClockShift feature allows the clock phase and delay to be
adjusted. The clock phase can be adjusted by 90° steps. The clock delay
can be adjusted to increase or decrease the clock delay by an arbitrary
amount, up to one clock period.
LVDS Support
Two PLLs are designed to support the LVDS interface. When using LVDS,
the I/O clock runs at a slower rate than the data transfer rate. Thus, PLLs
are used to multiply the I/O clock internally to capture the LVDS data. For
example, an I/O clock may run at 105 MHz to support 840 megabits per
second (Mbps) LVDS data transfer. In this example, the PLL multiplies the
incoming clock by eight to support the high-speed data transfer. You can
use PLLs in EP20K400E and larger devices for high-speed LVDS
interfacing.
Lock Signals
The APEX 20KE ClockLock circuitry supports individual LOCK signals.
The LOCK signal drives high when the ClockLock circuit has locked onto
the input clock. The LOCK signals are optional for each ClockLock circuit;
when not used, they are I/O pins.
ClockLock & ClockBoost Timing Parameters
For the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry to function properly, the
incoming clock must meet certain requirements. If these specifications are
not met, the circuitry may not lock onto the incoming clock, which
generates an erroneous clock within the device. The clock generated by
the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry must also meet certain
specifications. If the incoming clock meets these requirements during
configuration, the APEX 20K ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry will
lock onto the clock during configuration. The circuit will be ready for use
immediately after configuration. In APEX 20KE devices, the clock input
standard is programmable, so the PLL cannot respond to the clock until
the device is configured. The PLL locks onto the input clock as soon as
configuration is complete. Figure 30 shows the incoming and generated
clock specifications.
1For more information on ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry,
see Application Note 115: Using the ClockLock and ClockBoost PLL
Features in APEX Devices.
50 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 30. Specifications for the Incoming & Generated Clocks Note (1)
Note to Figure 30:
(1) The tI parameter refers to the nominal input clock period; the tO parameter refers
to the nominal output clock period.
Table 15 summarizes the APEX 20K ClockLock and ClockBoost
parameters for -1 speed-grade devices.
Input
Clock
ClockLock
Generated
Clock
f
CLK1
f
CLK2
f
CLK4
t
INDUTY
t
I+
t
CLKDEV
t
R
t
F
t
O
t
I
+
t
INCLKSTB
t
O
t
O
t
JITTER
t
O
+
t
JITTER
t
OUTDUTY
,,
Table 15. APEX 20K ClockLock & ClockBoost Parameters for -1 Speed-Grade Devices (Part 1 of 2)
Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit
fOUT Output frequency 25 180 MHz
fCLK1 (1) Input clock frequency (ClockBoost clock
multiplication factor equals 1)
25 180 (1) MHz
fCLK2 Input clock frequency (ClockBoost clock
multiplication factor equals 2)
16 90 MHz
fCLK4 Input clock frequency (ClockBoost clock
multiplication factor equals 4)
10 48 MHz
tOUTDUTY Duty cycle for ClockLock/ClockBoost-generated
clock
40 60 %
fCLKDEV Input deviation from user specification in the
Quartus II software (ClockBoost clock
multiplication factor equals 1) (2)
25,000 (3) PPM
tRInput rise time 5 ns
tFInput fall time 5 ns
tLOCK Time required for ClockLock/ClockBoost to
acquire lock (4)
10 µs
Altera Corporation 51
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Notes to Table 15:
(1) The PLL input frequency range for the EP20K100-1X device for 1x multiplication is 25 MHz to 175 MHz.
(2) All input clock specifications must be met. The PLL may not lock onto an incoming clock if the clock specifications
are not met, creating an erroneous clock within the device.
(3) During device configuration, the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry is configured first. If the incoming clock is
supplied during configuration, the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry locks during configuration, because the lock
time is less than the configuration time.
(4) The jitter specification is measured under long-term observation.
(5) If the input clock stability is 100 ps, tJITTER is 250 ps.
Table 16 summarizes the APEX 20K ClockLock and ClockBoost
parameters for -2 speed grade devices.
tSKEW Skew delay between related
ClockLock/ClockBoost-generated clocks
500 ps
tJITTER Jitter on ClockLock/ClockBoost-generated clock
(5)
200 ps
tINCLKSTB Input clock stability (measured between adjacent
clocks)
50 ps
Table 15. APEX 20K ClockLock & ClockBoost Parameters for -1 Speed-Grade Devices (Part 2 of 2)
Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit
Table 16. APEX 20K ClockLock & ClockBoost Parameters for -2 Speed Grade Devices
Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit
fOUT Output frequency 25 170 MHz
fCLK1 Input clock frequency (ClockBoost clock multiplication
factor equals 1)
25 170 MHz
fCLK2 Input clock frequency (ClockBoost clock multiplication
factor equals 2)
16 80 MHz
fCLK4 Input clock frequency (ClockBoost clock multiplication
factor equals 4)
10 34 MHz
tOUTDUTY Duty cycle for ClockLock/ClockBoost-generated clock 40 60 %
fCLKDEV Input deviation from user specification in the Quartus II
software (ClockBoost clock multiplication factor equals
one) (1)
25,000 (2) PPM
tRInput rise time 5ns
tFInput fall time 5ns
tLOCK Time required for ClockLock/ ClockBoost to acquire
lock (3)
10 µs
tSKEW Skew delay between related ClockLock/ ClockBoost-
generated clock
500 500 ps
tJITTER Jitter on ClockLock/ ClockBoost-generated clock (4) 200 ps
tINCLKSTB Input clock stability (measured between adjacent
clocks)
50 ps
52 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Notes to Table 16:
(1) To implement the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry with the Quartus II software, designers must specify the
input frequency. The Quartus II software tunes the PLL in the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry to this frequency.
The fCLKDEV parameter specifies how much the incoming clock can differ from the specified frequency during
device operation. Simulation does not reflect this parameter.
(2) Twenty-five thousand parts per million (PPM) equates to 2.5% of input clock period.
(3) During device configuration, the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry is configured before the rest of the device. If
the incoming clock is supplied during configuration, the ClockLock and ClockBoost circuitry locks during
configuration because the tLOCK value is less than the time required for configuration.
(4) The tJITTER specification is measured under long-term observation.
Tables 17 and 18 summarize the ClockLock and ClockBoost parameters
for APEX 20KE devices.
Table 17. APEX 20KE ClockLock & ClockBoost Parameters Note (1)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
tRInput rise time 5ns
tFInput fall time 5ns
tINDUTY Input duty cycle 40 60 %
tINJITTER Input jitter peak-to-peak 2% of input
period
peak-to-
peak
tOUTJITTER Jitter on ClockLock or ClockBoost-
generated clock
0.35% of
output period
RMS
tOUTDUTY Duty cycle for ClockLock or
ClockBoost-generated clock
45 55 %
tLOCK (2), (3) Time required for ClockLock or
ClockBoost to acquire lock
40 µs
Altera Corporation 53
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 18. APEX 20KE Clock Input & Output Parameters (Part 1 of 2) Note (1)
Symbol Parameter I/O Standard -1X Speed Grade -2X Speed Grade Units
Min Max Min Max
fVCO (4) Voltage controlled oscillator
operating range
200 500 200 500 MHz
fCLOCK0 Clock0 PLL output frequency
for internal use
1.5 335 1.5 200 MHz
fCLOCK1 Clock1 PLL output frequency
for internal use
20 335 20 200 MHz
fCLOCK0_EXT Output clock frequency for
external clock0 output
3.3-V LVTTL 1.5 245 1.5 226 MHz
2.5-V LVTTL 1.5 234 1.5 221 MHz
1.8-V LVTTL 1.5 223 1.5 216 MHz
GTL+ 1.5 205 1.5 193 MHz
SSTL-2 Class
I
1.5 158 1.5 157 MHz
SSTL-2 Class
II
1.5 142 1.5 142 MHz
SSTL-3 Class
I
1.5 166 1.5 162 MHz
SSTL-3 Class
II
1.5 149 1.5 146 MHz
LVDS 1.5 420 1.5 350 MHz
fCLOCK1_EXT Output clock frequency for
external clock1 output
3.3-V LVTTL 20 245 20 226 MHz
2.5-V LVTTL 20 234 20 221 MHz
1.8-V LVTTL 20 223 20 216 MHz
GTL+ 20 205 20 193 MHz
SSTL-2 Class
I
20 158 20 157 MHz
SSTL-2 Class
II
20 142 20 142 MHz
SSTL-3 Class
I
20 166 20 162 MHz
SSTL-3 Class
II
20 149 20 146 MHz
LVDS 20 420 20 350 MHz
54 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Notes to Tables 17 and 18:
(1) All input clock specifications must be met. The PLL may not lock onto an incoming clock if the clock specifications
are not met, creating an erroneous clock within the device.
(2) The maximum lock time is 40 µs or 2000 input clock cycles, whichever occurs first.
(3) Before configuration, the PLL circuits are disable and powered down. During configuration, the PLLs are still
disabled. The PLLs begin to lock once the device is in the user mode. If the clock enable feature is used, lock begins
once the CLKLK_ENA pin goes high in user mode.
(4) The PLL VCO operating range is 200 MHz ð fVCO ð 840 MHz for LVDS mode.
SignalTap
Embedded
Logic Analyzer
APEX 20K devices include device enhancements to support the SignalTap
embedded logic analyzer. By including this circuitry, the APEX 20K
device provides the ability to monitor design operation over a period of
time through the IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) circuitry; a designer can analyze
internal logic at speed without bringing internal signals to the I/O pins.
This feature is particularly important for advanced packages such as
FineLine BGA packages because adding a connection to a pin during the
debugging process can be difficult after a board is designed and
manufactured.
fIN Input clock frequency 3.3-V LVTTL 1.5 290 1.5 257 MHz
2.5-V LVTTL 1.5 281 1.5 250 MHz
1.8-V LVTTL 1.5 272 1.5 243 MHz
GTL+ 1.5 303 1.5 261 MHz
SSTL-2 Class
I
1.5 291 1.5 253 MHz
SSTL-2 Class
II
1.5 291 1.5 253 MHz
SSTL-3 Class
I
1.5 300 1.5 260 MHz
SSTL-3 Class
II
1.5 300 1.5 260 MHz
LVDS 1.5 420 1.5 350 MHz
Table 18. APEX 20KE Clock Input & Output Parameters (Part 2 of 2) Note (1)
Symbol Parameter I/O Standard -1X Speed Grade -2X Speed Grade Units
Min Max Min Max
Altera Corporation 55
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
IEEE Std.
1149.1 (JTAG)
Boundary-Scan
Support
All APEX 20K devices provide JTAG BST circuitry that complies with the
IEEE Std. 1149.1-1990 specification. JTAG boundary-scan testing can be
performed before or after configuration, but not during configuration.
APEX 20K devices can also use the JTAG port for configuration with the
Quartus II software or with hardware using either Jam Files (.jam) or Jam
Byte-Code Files (.jbc). Finally, APEX 20K devices use the JTAG port to
monitor the logic operation of the device with the SignalTap embedded
logic analyzer. APEX 20K devices support the JTAG instructions shown in
Table 19. Although EP20K1500E devices support the JTAG BYPASS and
SignalTap instructions, they do not support boundary-scan testing or the
use of the JTAG port for configuration.
Note to Table 19:
(1) The EP20K1500E device supports the JTAG BYPASS instruction and the SignalTap instructions.
Table 19. APEX 20K JTAG Instructions
JTAG Instruction Description
SAMPLE/PRELOAD Allows a snapshot of signals at the device pins to be captured and examined during
normal device operation, and permits an initial data pattern to be output at the device
pins. Also used by the SignalTap embedded logic analyzer.
EXTEST Allows the external circuitry and board-level interconnections to be tested by forcing a
test pattern at the output pins and capturing test results at the input pins.
BYPASS (1) Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the BST
data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during
normal device operation.
USERCODE Selects the 32-bit USERCODE register and places it between the TDI and TDO pins,
allowing the USERCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO.
IDCODE Selects the IDCODE register and places it between TDI and TDO, allowing the
IDCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO.
ICR Instructions Used when configuring an APEX 20K device via the JTAG port with a MasterBlasterTM
or ByteBlasterMVTM download cable, or when using a Jam File or Jam Byte-Code File
via an embedded processor.
SignalTap Instructions
(1)
Monitors internal device operation with the SignalTap embedded logic analyzer.
56 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
The APEX 20K device instruction register length is 10 bits. The APEX 20K
device USERCODE register length is 32 bits. Tables 20 and 21 show the
boundary-scan register length and device IDCODE information for
APEX 20K devices.
Note to Table 20:
(1) This device does not support JTAG boundary scan testing.
Table 20. APEX 20K Boundary-Scan Register Length
Device Boundary-Scan Register Length
EP20K30E 420
EP20K60E 624
EP20K100 786
EP20K100E 774
EP20K160E 984
EP20K200 1,176
EP20K200E 1,164
EP20K300E 1,266
EP20K400 1,536
EP20K400E 1,506
EP20K600E 1,806
EP20K1000E 2,190
EP20K1500E 1 (1)
Altera Corporation 57
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Notes to Table 21:
(1) The most significant bit (MSB) is on the left.
(2) The IDCODE’s least significant bit (LSB) is always 1.
Figure 31 shows the timing requirements for the JTAG signals.
Figure 31. APEX 20K JTAG Waveforms
Table 21. 32-Bit APEX 20K Device IDCODE
Device IDCODE (32 Bits) (1)
Version
(4 Bits)
Part Number (16 Bits) Manufacturer
Identity (11 Bits)
1 (1 Bit)
(2)
EP20K30E 0000 1000 0000 0011 0000 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K60E 0000 1000 0000 0110 0000 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K100 0000 0000 0100 0001 0110 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K100E 0000 1000 0001 0000 0000 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K160E 0000 1000 0001 0110 0000 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K200 0000 0000 1000 0011 0010 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K200E 0000 1000 0010 0000 0000 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K300E 0000 1000 0011 0000 0000 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K400 0000 0001 0110 0110 0100 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K400E 0000 1000 0100 0000 0000 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K600E 0000 1000 0110 0000 0000 000 0110 1110 1
EP20K1000E 0000 1001 0000 0000 0000 000 0110 1110 1
TDO
TCK
tJPZX tJPCO
tJPH
tJPXZ
tJCP tJPSU
tJCL
tJCH
TDI
TMS
Signal
to Be
Captured
Signal
to Be
Driven
tJSZX
tJSSU tJSH
tJSCO tJSXZ
58 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 22 shows the JTAG timing parameters and values for APEX 20K
devices.
fFor more information, see the following documents:
■Application Note 39 (IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing in
Altera Devices)
■Jam Programming & Test Language Specification
Generic Testing Each APEX 20K device is functionally tested. Complete testing of each
configurable static random access memory (SRAM) bit and all logic
functionality ensures 100% yield. AC test measurements for APEX 20K
devices are made under conditions equivalent to those shown in
Figure 32. Multiple test patterns can be used to configure devices during
all stages of the production flow.
Table 22. APEX 20K JTAG Timing Parameters & Values
Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit
tJCP TCK clock period 100 ns
tJCH TCK clock high time 50 ns
tJCL TCK clock low time 50 ns
tJPSU JTAG port setup time 20 ns
tJPH JTAG port hold time 45 ns
tJPCO JTAG port clock to output 25 ns
tJPZX JTAG port high impedance to valid output 25 ns
tJPXZ JTAG port valid output to high impedance 25 ns
tJSSU Capture register setup time 20 ns
tJSH Capture register hold time 45 ns
tJSCO Update register clock to output 35 ns
tJSZX Update register high impedance to valid output 35 ns
tJSXZ Update register valid output to high impedance 35 ns
Altera Corporation 59
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 32. APEX 20K AC Test Conditions Note (1)
Note to Figure 32:
(1) Power supply transients can affect AC measurements. Simultaneous transitions of
multiple outputs should be avoided for accurate measurement. Threshold tests
must not be performed under AC conditions. Large-amplitude, fast-ground-
current transients normally occur as the device outputs discharge the load
capacitances. When these transients flow through the parasitic inductance between
the device ground pin and the test system ground, significant reductions in
observable noise immunity can result.
Operating
Conditions
Tables 23 through 26 provide information on absolute maximum ratings,
recommended operating conditions, DC operating conditions, and
capacitance for 2.5-V APEX 20K devices.
System
C1 (includes
JIG capacitance)
Device input
rise and fall
times < 3 ns
Device
Output
to Test
Table 23. APEX 20K 5.0-V Tolerant Device Absolute Maximum Ratings Notes (1), (2)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit
VCCINT Supply voltage With respect to ground (3) –0.5 3.6 V
VCCIO –0.5 4.6 V
VIDC input voltage –2.0 5.75 V
IOUT DC output current, per pin –25 25 mA
TSTG Storage temperature No bias –65 150 ° C
TAMB Ambient temperature Under bias –65 135 ° C
TJJunction temperature PQFP, RQFP, TQFP, and BGA packages,
under bias
135 ° C
Ceramic PGA packages, under bias 150 ° C
60 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 24. APEX 20K 5.0-V Tolerant Device Recommended Operating Conditions Note (2)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit
VCCINT Supply voltage for internal logic
and input buffers
(4), (5) 2.375
(2.375)
2.625
(2.625)
V
VCCIO Supply voltage for output buffers,
3.3-V operation
(4), (5) 3.00 (3.00) 3.60 (3.60) V
Supply voltage for output buffers,
2.5-V operation
(4), (5) 2.375
(2.375)
2.625
(2.625)
V
VIInput voltage (3), (6) –0.5 5.75 V
VOOutput voltage 0V
CCIO V
TJJunction temperature For commercial use 0 85 ° C
For industrial use –40 100 ° C
tRInput rise time 40 ns
tFInput fall time 40 ns
Table 25. APEX 20K 5.0-V Tolerant Device DC Operating Conditions (Part 1 of 2) Notes (2), (7), (8)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
VIH High-level input voltage 1.7, 0.5 ×VCCIO
(9)
5.75 V
VIL Low-level input voltage –0.5 0.8, 0.3 ×VCCIO
(9)
V
VOH 3.3-V high-level TTL output
voltage
IOH = –8 mA DC,
VCCIO =3.00 V (10)
2.4 V
3.3-V high-level CMOS output
voltage
IOH = –0.1 mA DC,
VCCIO =3.00 V (10)
VCCIO –0.2 V
3.3-V high-level PCI output voltage IOH = –0.5 mA DC,
VCCIO = 3.00 to 3.60 V
(10)
0.9 ×VCCIO V
2.5-V high-level output voltage IOH = –0.1 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (10)
2.1 V
IOH = –1 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (10)
2.0 V
IOH = –2 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (10)
1.7 V
Altera Corporation 61
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
VOL 3.3-V low-level TTL output voltage IOL = 12 mA DC,
VCCIO =3.00 V (11)
0.45 V
3.3-V low-level CMOS output
voltage
IOL = 0.1 mA DC,
VCCIO =3.00 V (11)
0.2 V
3.3-V low-level PCI output voltage IOL = 1.5 mA DC,
VCCIO = 3.00 to 3.60 V
(11)
0.1 ×VCCIO V
2.5-V low-level output voltage IOL = 0.1 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (11)
0.2 V
IOL = 1 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (11)
0.4 V
IOL = 2 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (11)
0.7 V
IIInput pin leakage current VI = 5.75 to –0.5 V –10 10 µA
IOZ Tri-stated I/O pin leakage current VO = 5.75 to –0.5 V –10 10 µA
ICC0 VCC supply current (standby)
(All ESBs in power-down mode)
VI = ground, no load, no
toggling inputs, -1 speed
grade (12)
10 mA
VI = ground, no load, no
toggling inputs,
-2, -3 speed grades (12)
5mA
RCONF Value of I/O pin pull-up resistor
before and during configuration
VCCIO = 3.0 V (13) 20 50 W
VCCIO = 2.375 V (13) 30 80 W
Table 25. APEX 20K 5.0-V Tolerant Device DC Operating Conditions (Part 2 of 2) Notes (2), (7), (8)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
62 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Notes to Tables 23 through 26:
(1) See the Operating Requirements for Altera Devices Data Sheet.
(2) All APEX 20K devices are 5.0-V tolerant.
(3) Minimum DC input is –0.5 V. During transitions, the inputs may undershoot to –2.0 V or overshoot to 5.75 V for
input currents less than 100 mA and periods shorter than 20 ns.
(4) Numbers in parentheses are for industrial-temperature-range devices.
(5) Maximum VCC rise time is 100 ms, and VCC must rise monotonically.
(6) All pins, including dedicated inputs, clock I/O, and JTAG pins, may be driven before VCCINT and VCCIO are
powered.
(7) Typical values are for TA= 25° C, VCCINT = 2.5 V, and VCCIO = 2.5 or 3.3 V.
(8) These values are specified in the APEX 20K device recommended operating conditions, shown in Table 26 on
page 62.
(9) The APEX 20K input buffers are compatible with 2.5-V and 3.3-V (LVTTL and LVCMOS) signals. Additionally, the
input buffers are 3.3-V PCI compliant when VCCIO and VCCINT meet the relationship shown in Figure 33 on page 68.
(10) The IOH parameter refers to high-level TTL, PCI or CMOS output current.
(11) The IOL parameter refers to low-level TTL, PCI, or CMOS output current. This parameter applies to open-drain pins
as well as output pins.
(12) This value is specified for normal device operation. The value may vary during power-up.
(13) Pin pull-up resistance values will be lower if an external source drives the pin higher than VCCIO.
(14) Capacitance is sample-tested only.
Tables 27 through 30 provide information on absolute maximum ratings,
recommended operating conditions, DC operating conditions, and
capacitance for 1.8-V APEX 20KE devices.
Table 26. APEX 20K 5.0-V Tolerant Device Capacitance Notes (2), (14)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit
CIN Input capacitance VIN = 0 V, f = 1.0 MHz 8 pF
CINCLK Input capacitance on dedicated
clock pin
VIN = 0 V, f = 1.0 MHz 12 pF
COUT Output capacitance VOUT = 0 V, f = 1.0 MHz 8 pF
Table 27. APEX 20KE Device Absolute Maximum Ratings Note (1)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit
VCCINT Supply voltage With respect to ground (2) –0.5 2.5 V
VCCIO –0.5 4.6 V
VIDC input voltage –0.5 4.6 V
IOUT DC output current, per pin –25 25 mA
TSTG Storage temperature No bias –65 150 ° C
TAMB Ambient temperature Under bias –65 135 ° C
TJJunction temperature PQFP, RQFP, TQFP, and BGA packages,
under bias
135 ° C
Ceramic PGA packages, under bias 150 ° C
Altera Corporation 63
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 28. APEX 20KE Device Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit
VCCINT Supply voltage for internal logic and
input buffers
(3), (4) 1.71 (1.71) 1.89 (1.89) V
VCCIO Supply voltage for output buffers, 3.3-V
operation
(3), (4) 3.00 (3.00) 3.60 (3.60) V
Supply voltage for output buffers, 2.5-V
operation
(3), (4) 2.375
(2.375)
2.625
(2.625)
V
Supply voltage for output buffers, 1.8-V
operation
(3), (4) 1.71 (1.71) 1.89 (1.89) V
VIInput voltage (5), (6) –0.5 4.0 V
VOOutput voltage 0V
CCIO V
TJJunction temperature For commercial use 0 85 ° C
For industrial use –40 100 ° C
tRInput rise time 40 ns
tFInput fall time 40 ns
64 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 29. APEX 20KE Device DC Operating Conditions Notes (7), (8), (9)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
VIH High-level LVTTL, CMOS, or 3.3-V
PCI input voltage
1.7, 0.5 ×VCCIO
(10)
4.1 V
VIL Low-level LVTTL, CMOS, or 3.3-V
PCI input voltage
–0.5 0.8, 0.3 ×VCCIO
(10)
V
VOH 3.3-V high-level LVTTL output
voltage
IOH = –12 mA DC,
VCCIO =3.00 V (11)
2.4 V
3.3-V high-level LVCMOS output
voltage
IOH = –0.1 mA DC,
VCCIO =3.00 V (11)
VCCIO –0.2 V
3.3-V high-level PCI output voltage IOH = –0.5 mA DC,
VCCIO = 3.00 to 3.60 V
(11)
0.9 ×VCCIO V
2.5-V high-level output voltage IOH = –0.1 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (11)
2.1 V
IOH = –1 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (11)
2.0 V
IOH = –2 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (11)
1.7 V
VOL 3.3-V low-level LVTTL output
voltage
IOL = 12 mA DC,
VCCIO =3.00 V (12)
0.4 V
3.3-V low-level LVCMOS output
voltage
IOL = 0.1 mA DC,
VCCIO =3.00 V (12)
0.2 V
3.3-V low-level PCI output voltage IOL = 1.5 mA DC,
VCCIO = 3.00 to 3.60 V
(12)
0.1 ×VCCIO V
2.5-V low-level output voltage IOL = 0.1 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (12)
0.2 V
IOL = 1 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (12)
0.4 V
IOL = 2 mA DC,
VCCIO =2.30 V (12)
0.7 V
IIInput pin leakage current VI = 4.1 to –0.5 V (13) –10 10 µA
IOZ Tri-stated I/O pin leakage current VO = 4.1 to –0.5 V (13) –10 10 µA
ICC0 VCC supply current (standby)
(All ESBs in power-down mode)
VI = ground, no load, no
toggling inputs, -1 speed
grade
10 mA
VI = ground, no load, no
toggling inputs,
-2, -3 speed grades
5mA
RCONF Value of I/O pin pull-up resistor
before and during configuration
VCCIO = 3.0 V (14) 20 50 kΩ
VCCIO = 2.375 V (14) 30 80 kΩ
VCCIO =1.71 V (14) 60 150 kΩ
Altera Corporation 65
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
1For DC Operating Specifications on APEX 20KE I/O standards,
please refer to Application Note 117 (Using Selectable I/O Standards
in Altera Devices).
Notes to Tables 27 through 30:
(1) See the Operating Requirements for Altera Devices Data Sheet.
(2) Minimum DC input is –0.5 V. During transitions, the inputs may undershoot to –2.0 V or overshoot to 5.75 V for
input currents less than 100 mA and periods shorter than 20 ns.
(3) Numbers in parentheses are for industrial-temperature-range devices.
(4) Maximum VCC rise time is 100 ms, and VCC must rise monotonically.
(5) Minimum DC input is –0.5 V. During transitions, the inputs may undershoot to –2.0 V or overshoot to the voltage
shown in the following table based on input duty cycle for input currents less than 100 mA. The overshoot is
dependent upon duty cycle of the signal. The DC case is equivalent to 100% duty cycle.
Vin Max. Duty Cycle
4.0V 100% (DC)
4.1 90%
4.2 50%
4.3 30%
4.4 17%
4.5 10%
(6) All pins, including dedicated inputs, clock, I/O, and JTAG pins, may be driven before VCCINT and VCCIO are
powered.
(7) Typical values are for TA = 25° C, VCCINT = 1.8 V, and VCCIO = 1.8 V, 2.5 V or 3.3 V.
(8) These values are specified under the APEX 20KE device recommended operating conditions, shown in Table 24 on
page 60.
(9) Refer to Application Note 117 (Using Selectable I/O Standards in Altera Devices) for the VIH, VIL, VOH, VOL, and II
parameters when VCCIO = 1.8 V.
(10) The APEX 20KE input buffers are compatible with 1.8-V, 2.5-V and 3.3-V (LVTTL and LVCMOS) signals.
Additionally, the input buffers are 3.3-V PCI compliant. Input buffers also meet specifications for GTL+, CTT, AGP,
SSTL-2, SSTL-3, and HSTL.
(11) The IOH parameter refers to high-level TTL, PCI, or CMOS output current.
(12) The IOL parameter refers to low-level TTL, PCI, or CMOS output current. This parameter applies to open-drain pins
as well as output pins.
(13) This value is specified for normal device operation. The value may vary during power-up.
(14) Pin pull-up resistance values will be lower if an external source drives the pin higher than VCCIO.
(15) Capacitance is sample-tested only.
Figure 33 shows the relationship between VCCIO and VCCINT for 3.3-V PCI
compliance on APEX 20K devices.
Table 30. APEX 20KE Device Capacitance Note (15)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit
CIN Input capacitance VIN = 0 V, f = 1.0 MHz 8 pF
CINCLK Input capacitance on
dedicated clock pin
VIN = 0 V, f = 1.0 MHz 12 pF
COUT Output capacitance VOUT = 0 V, f = 1.0 MHz 8 pF
66 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 33. Relationship between VCCIO & VCCINT for 3.3-V PCI Compliance
Figure 34 shows the typical output drive characteristics of APEX 20K
devices with 3.3-V and 2.5-V VCCIO. The output driver is compatible with
the 3.3-V PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision 2.2 (when VCCIO pins are
connected to 3.3 V). 5-V tolerant APEX 20K devices in the -1 speed grade
are 5-V PCI compliant over all operating conditions.
Figure 34. Output Drive Characteristics of APEX 20K Device Note (1)
Note to Figure 34:
(1) These are transient (AC) currents.
3.0 3.1 3.3
V
CCIO
3.6
2.3
2.5
2.7
V
CCINT
(V)
(V)
PCI-Compliant Region
VO Output Voltage (V)
IOL
IOH
IOH
V
V
VCCINT = 2.5
VCCIO = 2.5
Room Temperature
V
V
VCCINT = 2.5
VCCIO = 3.3
Room Temperature
123
10
20
30
50
60
40
70
80
90
VO Output Voltage (V)
123
10
20
30
50
60
40
70
80
90 IOL
O
Typical I
Output
Current (mA)
O
Typical I
Output
Current (mA)
Altera Corporation 67
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 35 shows the output drive characteristics of APEX 20KE devices.
Figure 35. Output Drive Characteristics of APEX 20KE Devices Note (1)
Note to Figure 35:
(1) These are transient (AC) currents.
Timing Model The high-performance FastTrack and MegaLAB interconnect routing
resources ensure predictable performance, accurate simulation, and
accurate timing analysis. This predictable performance contrasts with that
of FPGAs, which use a segmented connection scheme and therefore have
unpredictable performance.
Vo Output Voltage (V)
IOL
IOH
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Vo Output Voltage (V)
IOL
IOH
5
10
15
20
45
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
25
30
35
40
50
55
60
Typical IO
Output
Current (mA)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.5 1 1.5 22.5 3
Vo Output Voltage (V)
VCCINT = 1.8 V
VCCIO = 3.3 V
Room Temperature
IOH
IOL
Typical IO
Output
Current (mA)
100
110
120
0.5 1 1.5 2.0
VCCINT = 1.8 V
VCCIO = 2.5V
Room Temperature
VCCINT = 1.8V
VCCIO = 1.8V
Room Temperature
Typical IO
Output
Current (mA)
68 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
All specifications are always representative of worst-case supply voltage
and junction temperature conditions. All output-pin-timing specifications
are reported for maximum driver strength.
Figure 36 shows the fMAX timing model for APEX 20K devices.
Figure 36. APEX 20K fMAX Timing Model
Figure 37 shows the fMAX timing model for APEX 20KE devices. These
parameters can be used to estimate fMAX for multiple levels of logic.
Quartus II software timing analysis should be used for more accurate
timing information.
SU
H
CO
LUT
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
ESBRC
ESBWC
ESBWESU
ESBDATASU
ESBADDRSU
ESBDATACO1
ESBDATACO2
ESBDD
PD
PTERMSU
PTERMCO
t
t
t
F1—4
F5—20
F20+
LE
ESB
Routing Delay
Altera Corporation 69
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 37. APEX 20KE fMAX Timing Model
SU
H
CO
LUT
t
t
t
t
t
t
tF1
–
4
F5
–
20
F20+
LE
Routing Delay
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
ESBARC
ESBSRC
ESBSWDSU
ESBDATASU
tESBWADDRSU
ESBRADDRSU
ESBDATACO1
ESBDATACO2
ESBDD
t
t
t
tESBWDH
ESBRASU
ESBRAH
ESBWESU
tESBWEH
PD
PTERMSU
PTERMCO
ESB
tESBSRASU
tESBWDSU
tESBWASU
tESBSWC
tESBAWC
70 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figures 38 and 39 show the asynchronous and synchronous timing
waveforms, respectively, for the ESB macroparameters in Table 31.
Figure 38. ESB Asynchronous Timing Waveforms
ESB Asynchronous Write
ESB Asynchronous Read
RE
a0
d0 d3
tESBARC
a1 a2 a3
d2d1
Rdaddress
Data-Out
WE
a0
din1 dout2
tESBDD
a1 a2
din1
din0
tESBWCCOMB
tESBWASU
tESBWAH
tESBWDH
tESBWDSU
tESBWP
din0
Data-In
Wraddress
Data-Out
Altera Corporation 71
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 39. ESB Synchronous Timing Waveforms
Figure 40 shows the timing model for bidirectional I/O pin timing.
WE
CLK
ESB Synchronous Read
a0
d2
tESBDATASU tESBARC
tESBDATACO2
a1 a2 a3
d1
tESBDATAH
a0
WE
CLK
dout0 din1 din2 din3 din2
tESBWESU
tESBSWC
tESBWEH
tESBDATACO1
a1 a2 a3 a2
din3
din2
din1
tESBDATAH
tESBDATASU
ESB Synchronous Write (ESB Output Registers Used)
dout1
Rdaddress
Data-Out
Wraddress
Data-Out
Data-In
72 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Figure 40. Synchronous Bidirectional Pin External Timing
Notes to Figure 40:
(1) The output enable and input registers are LE registers in the LAB adjacent to a
bidirectional row pin. The output enable register is set with “Output Enable
Routing= Signal-Pin” option in the Quartus II software.
(2) The LAB adjacent input register is set with “Decrease Input Delay to Internal Cells=
Off”. This maintains a zero hold time for lab adjacent registers while giving a fast,
position independent setup time. A faster setup time with zero hold time is possible
by setting “Decrease Input Delay to Internal Cells= ON” and moving the input
register farther away from the bidirectional pin. The exact position where zero hold
occurs with the minimum setup time, varies with device density and speed grade.
Table 31 describes the fMAX timing parameters shown in Figure 36 on
page 68.
PRN
CLRN
DQ
PRN
CLRN
DQ
(1)
IOE Register
Bidirectional Pin
Dedicated
Clock
PRN
CLRN
DQ
(1)
XZBIDIR
t
ZXBIDIR
t
OUTCOBIDIR
t
INSUBIDIR
t
INHBIDIR
t
OE Register
Output IOE Register
Input Register
(2)
Table 31. APEX 20K fMAX Timing Parameters (Part 1 of 2)
Symbol Parameter
tSU LE register setup time before clock
tHLE register hold time after clock
tCO LE register clock-to-output delay
tLUT LUT delay for data-in
tESBRC ESB Asynchronous read cycle time
tESBWC ESB Asynchronous write cycle time
tESBWESU ESB WE setup time before clock when using input register
tESBDATASU ESB data setup time before clock when using input register
tESBDATAH ESB data hold time after clock when using input register
tESBADDRSU ESB address setup time before clock when using input registers
tESBDATACO1 ESB clock-to-output delay when using output registers
Altera Corporation 73
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 32 and 33 describe APEX 20K external timing parameters.
tESBDATACO2 ESB clock-to-output delay without output registers
tESBDD ESB data-in to data-out delay for RAM mode
tPD ESB macrocell input to non-registered output
tPTERMSU ESB macrocell register setup time before clock
tPTERMCO ESB macrocell register clock-to-output delay
tF1-4 Fanout delay using local interconnect
tF5-20 Fanout delay using MegaLab Interconnect
tF20+ Fanout delay using FastTrack Interconnect
tCH Minimum clock high time from clock pin
tCL Minimum clock low time from clock pin
tCLRP LE clear pulse width
tPREP LE preset pulse width
tESBCH Clock high time
tESBCL Clock low time
tESBWP Write pulse width
tESBRP Read pulse width
Table 31. APEX 20K fMAX Timing Parameters (Part 2 of 2)
Symbol Parameter
Table 32. APEX 20K External Timing Parameters Note (1)
Symbol Clock Parameter
tINSU Setup time with global clock at IOE register
tINH Hold time with global clock at IOE register
tOUTCO Clock-to-output delay with global clock at IOE register
Table 33. APEX 20K External Bidirectional Timing Parameters Note (1)
Symbol Parameter Conditions
tINSUBIDIR Setup time for bidirectional pins with global clock at same-row or same-
column LE register
tINHBIDIR Hold time for bidirectional pins with global clock at same-row or same-
column LE register
tOUTCOBIDIR Clock-to-output delay for bidirectional pins with global clock at IOE
register
C1 = 10 pF
tXZBIDIR Synchronous IOE output buffer disable delay C1 = 10 pF
tZXBIDIR Synchronous IOE output buffer enable delay, slow slew rate = off C1 = 10 pF
74 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Note to Tables 32 and 33:
(1) These timing parameters are sample-tested only.
Tables 34 through 37 show APEX 20KE LE, ESB, routing, and functional
timing microparameters for the fMAX timing model.
Table 34. APEX 20KE LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol Parameter
tSU LE register setup time before clock
tHLE register hold time after clock
tCO LE register clock-to-output delay
tLUT LUT delay for data-in to data-out
Table 35. APEX 20KE ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol Parameter
tESBARC ESB Asynchronous read cycle time
tESBSRC ESB Synchronous read cycle time
tESBAWC ESB Asynchronous write cycle time
tESBSWC ESB Synchronous write cycle time
tESBWASU ESB write address setup time with respect to WE
tESBWAH ESB write address hold time with respect to WE
tESBWDSU ESB data setup time with respect to WE
tESBWDH ESB data hold time with respect to WE
tESBRASU ESB read address setup time with respect to RE
tESBRAH ESB read address hold time with respect to RE
tESBWESU ESB WE setup time before clock when using input register
tESBWEH ESB WE hold time after clock when using input register
tESBDATASU ESB data setup time before clock when using input register
tESBDATAH ESB data hold time after clock when using input register
tESBWADDRSU ESB write address setup time before clock when using input
registers
tESBRADDRSU ESB read address setup time before clock when using input
registers
tESBDATACO1 ESB clock-to-output delay when using output registers
tESBDATACO2 ESB clock-to-output delay without output registers
tESBDD ESB data-in to data-out delay for RAM mode
tPD ESB Macrocell input to non-registered output
tPTERMSU ESB Macrocell register setup time before clock
tPTERMCO ESB Macrocell register clock-to-output delay
Altera Corporation 75
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Note to Table 36:
(1) These parameters are worst-case values for typical applications. Post-compilation
timing simulation and timing analysis are required to determine actual worst-case
performance.
Tables 38 and 39 describe the APEX 20KE external timing parameters.
Table 36. APEX 20KE Routing Timing Microparameters Note (1)
Symbol Parameter
tF1-4 Fanout delay using Local Interconnect
tF5-20 Fanout delay estimate using MegaLab Interconnect
tF20+ Fanout delay estimate using FastTrack Interconnect
Table 37. APEX 20KE Functional Timing Microparameters
Symbol Parameter
TCH Minimum clock high time from clock pin
TCL Minimum clock low time from clock pin
TCLRP LE clear Pulse Width
TPREP LE preset pulse width
TESBCH Clock high time for ESB
TESBCL Clock low time for ESB
TESBWP Write pulse width
TESBRP Read pulse width
Table 38. APEX 20KE External Timing Parameters Note (1)
Symbol Clock Parameter Conditions
tINSU Setup time with global clock at IOE input register
tINH Hold time with global clock at IOE input register
tOUTCO Clock-to-output delay with global clock at IOE output register C1 = 10 pF
tINSUPLL Setup time with PLL clock at IOE input register
tINHPLL Hold time with PLL clock at IOE input register
tOUTCOPLL Clock-to-output delay with PLL clock at IOE output register C1 = 10 pF
76 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Note to Tables 38 and 39:
(1) These timing parameters are sample-tested only.
Table 39. APEX 20KE External Bidirectional Timing Parameters Note (1)
Symbol Parameter Conditions
tINSUBIDIR Setup time for bidirectional pins with global clock at LAB adjacent Input
Register
tINHBIDIR Hold time for bidirectional pins with global clock at LAB adjacent Input
Register
tOUTCOBIDIR Clock-to-output delay for bidirectional pins with global clock at IOE output
register
C1 = 10 pF
tXZBIDIR Synchronous Output Enable Register to output buffer disable delay C1 = 10 pF
tZXBIDIR Synchronous Output Enable Register output buffer enable delay C1 = 10 pF
tINSUBIDIRPLL Setup time for bidirectional pins with PLL clock at LAB adjacent Input
Register
tINHBIDIRPLL Hold time for bidirectional pins with PLL clock at LAB adjacent Input
Register
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL Clock-to-output delay for bidirectional pins with PLL clock at IOE output
register
C1 = 10 pF
tXZBIDIRPLL Synchronous Output Enable Register to output buffer disable delay with
PLL
C1 = 10 pF
tZXBIDIRPLL Synchronous Output Enable Register output buffer enable delay with PLL C1 = 10 pF
Altera Corporation 77
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 40 through 42 show the fMAX timing parameters for EP20K100,
EP20K200, and EP20K400 APEX 20K devices.
Table 40. EP20K100 fMAX Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Units
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.5 0.6 0.8 ns
tH0.7 0.8 1.0 ns
tCO 0.3 0.4 0.5 ns
tLUT 0.8 1.0 1.3 ns
tESBRC 1.7 2.1 2.4 ns
tESBWC 5.7 6.9 8.1 ns
tESBWESU 3.3 3.9 4.6 ns
tESBDATASU 2.2 2.7 3.1 ns
tESBDATAH 0.6 0.8 0.9 ns
tESBADDRSU 2.4 2.9 3.3 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.3 1.6 1.8 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.6 3.1 3.6 ns
tESBDD 2.5 3.3 3.6 ns
tPD 2.5 3.0 3.6 ns
tPTERMSU 2.3 2.6 3.2 ns
tPTERMCO 1.5 1.8 2.1 ns
tF1-4 0.5 0.6 0.7 ns
tF5-20 1.6 1.7 1.8 ns
tF20+ 2.2 2.2 2.3 ns
tCH 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tCL 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tCLRP 0.3 0.4 0.4 ns
tPREP 0.5 0.5 0.5 ns
tESBCH 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tESBCL 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tESBWP 1.6 1.9 2.2 ns
tESBRP 1.0 1.3 1.4 ns
78 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 41. EP20K200 fMAX Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Units
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.5 0.6 0.8 ns
tH0.7 0.8 1.0 ns
tCO 0.3 0.4 0.5 ns
tLUT 0.8 1.0 1.3 ns
tESBRC 1.7 2.1 2.4 ns
tESBWC 5.7 6.9 8.1 ns
tESBWESU 3.3 3.9 4.6 ns
tESBDATASU 2.2 2.7 3.1 ns
tESBDATAH 0.6 0.8 0.9 ns
tESBADDRSU 2.4 2.9 3.3 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.3 1.6 1.8 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.6 3.1 3.6 ns
tESBDD 2.5 3.3 3.6 ns
tPD 2.5 3.0 3.6 ns
tPTERMSU 2.3 2.7 3.2 ns
tPTERMCO 1.5 1.8 2.1 ns
tF1-4 0.5 0.6 0.7 ns
tF5-20 1.6 1.7 1.8 ns
tF20+ 2.2 2.2 2.3 ns
tCH 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tCL 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tCLRP 0.3 0.4 0.4 ns
tPREP 0.4 0.5 0.5 ns
tESBCH 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tESBCL 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tESBWP 1.6 1.9 2.2 ns
tESBRP 1.0 1.3 1.4 ns
Altera Corporation 79
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 43 through 48 show the I/O external and external bidirectional
timing parameter values for EP20K100, EP20K200, and EP20K400
APEX 20K devices.
Table 42. EP20K400 fMAX Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Units
MinMaxMinMaxMinMax
tSU 0.1 0.3 0.6 ns
tH0.5 0.8 0.9 ns
tCO 0.1 0.4 0.6 ns
tLUT 1.0 1.2 1.4 ns
tESBRC 1.7 2.1 2.4 ns
tESBWC 5.7 6.9 8.1 ns
tESBWESU 3.3 3.9 4.6 ns
tESBDATASU 2.2 2.7 3.1 ns
tESBDATAH 0.6 0.8 0.9 ns
tESBADDRSU 2.4 2.9 3.3 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.3 1.6 1.8 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.5 3.1 3.6 ns
tESBDD 2.5 3.3 3.6 ns
tPD 2.5 3.1 3.6 ns
tPTERMSU 1.7 2.1 2.4 ns
tPTERMCO 1.0 1.2 1.4 ns
tF1-4 0.4 0.5 0.6 ns
tF5-20 2.6 2.8 2.9 ns
tF20+ 3.7 3.8 3.9 ns
tCH 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tCL 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tCLRP 0.5 0.6 0.8 ns
tPREP 0.5 0.5 0.5 ns
tESBCH 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tESBCL 2.0 2.5 3.0 ns
tESBWP 1.5 1.9 2.2 ns
tESBRP 1.0 1.2 1.4 ns
80 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 43. EP20K100 External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU (1) 2.3 2.8 3.2 ns
tINH (1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 ns
tOUTCO (1) 2.0 4.5 2.0 4.9 2.0 6.6 ns
tINSU (2) 1.1 1.2 – ns
tINH (2) 0.0 0.0 – ns
tOUTCO (2) 0.5 2.7 0.5 3.1 – 4.8 ns
Table 44. EP20K100 External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR (1) 2.3 2.8 3.2 ns
tINHBIDIR (1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR
(1)
2.0 4.5 2.0 4.9 2.0 6.6 ns
tXZBIDIR (1) 5.0 5.9 6.9 ns
tZXBIDIR (1) 5.0 5.9 6.9 ns
tINSUBIDIR (2) 1.0 1.2 – ns
tINHBIDIR (2) 0.0 0.0 – ns
tOUTCOBIDIR
(2)
0.5 2.7 0.5 3.1 – – ns
tXZBIDIR (2) 4.3 5.0 – ns
tZXBIDIR (2) 4.3 5.0 – ns
Table 45. EP20K200 External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU (1) 1.9 2.3 2.6 ns
tINH (1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 ns
tOUTCO (1) 2.0 4.6 2.0 5.6 2.0 6.8 ns
tINSU (2) 1.1 1.2 – ns
tINH (2) 0.0 0.0 – ns
tOUTCO (2) 0.52.70.53.1 – –ns
Altera Corporation 81
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 46. EP20K200 External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR (1) 1.9 2.3 2.6 ns
tINHBIDIR (1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR (1) 2.0 4.6 2.0 5.6 2.0 6.8 ns
tXZBIDIR (1) 5.0 5.9 6.9 ns
tZXBIDIR (1) 5.0 5.9 6.9 ns
tINSUBIDIR (2) 1.1 1.2 – ns
tINHBIDIR (2) 0.0 0.0 – ns
tOUTCOBIDIR (2) 0.5 2.7 0.5 3.1 – – ns
tXZBIDIR (2) 4.3 5.0 – ns
tZXBIDIR (2) 4.3 5.0 – ns
Table 47. EP20K400 External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU (1) 1.4 1.8 2.0 ns
tINH (1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 ns
tOUTCO (1) 2.0 4.9 2.0 6.1 2.0 7.0 ns
tINSU (2) 0.4 1.0 – ns
tINH (2) 0.0 0.0 – ns
tOUTCO (2) 0.5 3.1 0.5 4.1 – – ns
Table 48. EP20K400 External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR (1) 1.4 1.8 2.0 ns
tINHBIDIR (1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR (1) 2.0 4.9 2.0 6.1 2.0 7.0 ns
tXZBIDIR (1) 7.3 8.9 10.3 ns
tZXBIDIR (1) 7.3 8.9 10.3 ns
tINSUBIDIR (2) 0.5 1.0 – ns
tINHBIDIR (2) 0.0 0.0 – ns
tOUTCOBIDIR (2) 0.5 3.1 0.5 4.1 – – ns
tXZBIDIR (2) 6.2 7.6 – ns
tZXBIDIR (2) 6.2 7.6 – ns
82 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Notes to Tables 43 through 48:
(1) This parameter is measured without using ClockLock or ClockBoost circuits.
(2) This parameter is measured using ClockLock or ClockBoost circuits.
Tables 49 through 54 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters, fMAX
ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum Pulse
Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and External
Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K30E APEX 20KE devices.
Table 49. EP20K30E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.01 0.02 0.02 ns
tH0.11 0.16 0.23 ns
tCO 0.32 0.45 0.67 ns
tLUT 0.85 1.20 1.77 ns
Altera Corporation 83
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 50. EP20K30E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 2.03 2.86 4.24 ns
tESBSRC 2.58 3.49 5.02 ns
tESBAWC 3.88 5.45 8.08 ns
tESBSWC 4.08 5.35 7.48 ns
tESBWASU 1.77 2.49 3.68 ns
tESBWAH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBWDSU 1.95 2.74 4.05 ns
tESBWDH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBRASU 1.96 2.75 4.07 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBWESU 1.80 2.73 4.28 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU 0.07 0.48 1.17 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU 0.30 0.80 1.64 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.37 0.90 1.78 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.11 1.32 1.67 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.65 3.73 5.53 ns
tESBDD 3.88 5.45 8.08 ns
tPD 1.91 2.69 3.98 ns
tPTERMSU 1.04 1.71 2.82 ns
tPTERMCO 1.13 1.34 1.69 ns
Table 51. EP20K30E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.24 0.27 0.31 ns
tF5-20 1.03 1.14 1.30 ns
tF20+ 1.42 1.54 1.77 ns
84 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 52. EP20K30E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 0.55 0.78 1.15 ns
tCL 0.55 0.78 1.15 ns
tCLRP 0.22 0.31 0.46 ns
tPREP 0.22 0.31 0.46 ns
tESBCH 0.55 0.78 1.15 ns
tESBCL 0.55 0.78 1.15 ns
tESBWP 1.43 2.01 2.97 ns
tESBRP 1.15 1.62 2.39 ns
Table 53. EP20K30E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 2.02 2.13 2.24 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 4.88 2.00 5.36 2.00 5.88 ns
tINSUPLL 2.11 2.23 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 2.60 0.50 2.88 - - ns
Table 54. EP20K30E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 1.85 1.77 1.54 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 4.88 2.00 5.36 2.00 5.88 ns
tXZBIDIR 7.48 8.46 9.83 ns
tZXBIDIR 7.48 8.46 9.83 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 4.12 4.24 - ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 2.60 0.50 2.88 - - ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 5.21 5.99 - ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 5.21 5.99 - ns
Altera Corporation 85
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 55 through 60 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters, fMAX
ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum Pulse
Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and External
Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K60E APEX 20KE devices.
Table 55. EP20K60E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.17 0.15 0.16 ns
tH0.32 0.33 0.39 ns
tCO 0.29 0.40 0.60 ns
tLUT 0.77 1.07 1.59 ns
86 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 56. EP20K60E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 1.83 2.57 3.79 ns
tESBSRC 2.46 3.26 4.61 ns
tESBAWC 3.50 4.90 7.23 ns
tESBSWC 3.77 4.90 6.79 ns
tESBWASU 1.59 2.23 3.29 ns
tESBWAH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBWDSU 1.75 2.46 3.62 ns
tESBWDH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBRASU 1.76 2.47 3.64 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBWESU 1.68 2.49 3.87 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU 0.08 0.43 1.04 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU 0.29 0.72 1.46 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.36 0.81 1.58 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.06 1.24 1.55 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.39 3.35 4.94 ns
tESBDD 3.50 4.90 7.23 ns
tPD 1.72 2.41 3.56 ns
tPTERMSU 0.99 1.56 2.55 ns
tPTERMCO 1.07 1.26 1.08 ns
Altera Corporation 87
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 57. EP20K60E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.24 0.26 0.30 ns
tF5-20 1.45 1.58 1.79 ns
tF20+ 1.96 2.14 2.45 ns
Table 58. EP20K60E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 2.00 2.50 2.75 ns
tCL 2.00 2.50 2.75 ns
tCLRP 0.20 0.28 0.41 ns
tPREP 0.20 0.28 0.41 ns
tESBCH 2.00 2.50 2.75 ns
tESBCL 2.00 2.50 2.75 ns
tESBWP 1.29 1.80 2.66 ns
tESBRP 1.04 1.45 2.14 ns
Table 59. EP20K60E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 2.03 2.12 2.23 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 4.84 2.00 5.31 2.00 5.81 ns
tINSUPLL 1.12 1.15 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 3.37 0.50 3.69 - - ns
88 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 61 through 66 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters,
fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum
Pulse Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and
External Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K100E
APEX 20KE devices.
Table 60. EP20K60E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 2.77 2.91 3.11 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 4.84 2.00 5.31 2.00 5.81 ns
tXZBIDIR 6.47 7.44 8.65 ns
tZXBIDIR 6.47 7.44 8.65 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 3.44 3.24 - ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 3.37 0.50 3.69 - - ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 5.00 5.82 - ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 5.00 5.82 - ns
Table 61. EP20K100E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.25 0.25 0.25 ns
tH0.25 0.25 0.25 ns
tCO 0.28 0.28 0.34 ns
tLUT 0.80 0.95 1.13 ns
Altera Corporation 89
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 62. EP20K100E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 1.61 1.84 1.97 ns
tESBSRC 2.57 2.97 3.20 ns
tESBAWC 0.52 4.09 4.39 ns
tESBSWC 3.17 3.78 4.09 ns
tESBWASU 0.56 6.41 0.63 ns
tESBWAH 0.48 0.54 0.55 ns
tESBWDSU 0.71 0.80 0.81 ns
tESBWDH .048 0.54 0.55 ns
tESBRASU 1.57 1.75 1.87 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.00 0.20 ns
tESBWESU 1.54 1.72 1.80 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU -0.16 -0.20 -0.20 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU 0.12 0.08 0.13 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.17 0.15 0.19 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.20 1.39 1.52 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.54 2.99 3.22 ns
tESBDD 3.06 3.56 3.85 ns
tPD 1.73 2.02 2.20 ns
tPTERMSU 1.11 1.26 1.38 ns
tPTERMCO 1.19 1.40 1.08 ns
Table 63. EP20K100E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.24 0.27 0.29 ns
tF5-20 1.04 1.26 1.52 ns
tF20+ 1.12 1.36 1.86 ns
90 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 64. EP20K100E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 2.00 2.00 2.00 ns
tCL 2.00 2.00 2.00 ns
tCLRP 0.20 0.20 0.20 ns
tPREP 0.20 0.20 0.20 ns
tESBCH 2.00 2.00 2.00 ns
tESBCL 2.00 2.00 2.00 ns
tESBWP 1.29 1.53 1.66 ns
tESBRP 1.11 1.29 1.41 ns
Table 65. EP20K100E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 2.23 2.32 2.43 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 4.86 2.00 5.35 2.00 5.84 ns
tINSUPLL 1.58 1.66 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 2.96 0.50 3.29 - - ns
Table 66. EP20K100E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 2.74 2.96 3.19 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 4.86 2.00 5.35 2.00 5.84 ns
tXZBIDIR 5.00 5.48 5.89 ns
tZXBIDIR 5.00 5.48 5.89 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 4.64 5.03 - ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 2.96 0.50 3.29 - - ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 3.10 3.42 - ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 3.10 3.42 - ns
Altera Corporation 91
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 67 through 72 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters,
fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum
Pulse Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and
External Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K160E APEX
20KE devices.
Table 67. EP20K160E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.22 0.24 0.26 ns
tH0.22 0.24 0.26 ns
tCO 0.25 0.31 0.35 ns
tLUT 0.69 0.88 1.12 ns
92 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 68. EP20K160E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 1.65 2.02 2.11 ns
tESBSRC 2.21 2.70 3.11 ns
tESBAWC 3.04 3.79 4.42 ns
tESBSWC 2.81 3.56 4.10 ns
tESBWASU 0.54 0.66 0.73 ns
tESBWAH 0.36 0.45 0.47 ns
tESBWDSU 0.68 0.81 0.94 ns
tESBWDH 0.36 0.45 0.47 ns
tESBRASU 1.58 1.87 2.06 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.00 0.01 ns
tESBWESU 1.41 1.71 2.00 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU -0.02 -0.03 0.09 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU 0.14 0.17 0.35 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.21 0.27 0.43 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.04 1.30 1.46 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.15 2.70 3.16 ns
tESBDD 2.69 3.35 3.97 ns
tPD 1.55 1.93 2.29 ns
tPTERMSU 1.01 1.23 1.52 ns
tPTERMCO 1.06 1.32 1.04 ns
Altera Corporation 93
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 69. EP20K160E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.25 0.26 0.28 ns
tF5-20 1.00 1.18 1.35 ns
tF20+ 1.95 2.19 2.30 ns
Table 70. EP20K160E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 1.34 1.43 1.55 ns
tCL 1.34 1.43 1.55 ns
tCLRP 0.18 0.19 0.21 ns
tPREP 0.18 0.19 0.21 ns
tESBCH 1.34 1.43 1.55 ns
tESBCL 1.34 1.43 1.55 ns
tESBWP 1.15 1.45 1.73 ns
tESBRP 0.93 1.15 1.38 ns
Table 71. EP20K160E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 2.23 2.34 2.47 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 5.07 2.00 5.59 2.00 6.13 ns
tINSUPLL 2.12 2.07 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 3.00 0.50 3.35 - - ns
94 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 73 through 78 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters, fMAX
ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum Pulse
Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and External
Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K200E APEX 20KE devices.
Table 72. EP20K160E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 2.86 3.24 3.54 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 5.07 2.00 5.59 2.00 6.13 ns
tXZBIDIR 7.43 8.23 8.58 ns
tZXBIDIR 7.43 8.23 8.58 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 4.93 5.48 - ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 3.00 0.50 3.35 - - ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 5.36 5.99 - ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 5.36 5.99 - ns
Table 73. EP20K200E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.23 0.24 0.26 ns
tH0.23 0.24 0.26 ns
tCO 0.26 0.31 0.36 ns
tLUT 0.70 0.90 1.14 ns
Altera Corporation 95
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 74. EP20K200E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 1.68 2.06 2.24 ns
tESBSRC 2.27 2.77 3.18 ns
tESBAWC 3.10 3.86 4.50 ns
tESBSWC 2.90 3.67 4.21 ns
tESBWASU 0.55 0.67 0.74 ns
tESBWAH 0.36 0.46 0.48 ns
tESBWDSU 0.69 0.83 0.95 ns
tESBWDH 0.36 0.46 0.48 ns
tESBRASU 1.61 1.90 2.09 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.00 0.01 ns
tESBWESU 1.42 1.71 2.01 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU -0.06 -0.07 0.05 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU 0.11 0.13 0.31 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.18 0.23 0.39 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.09 1.35 1.51 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.19 2.75 3.22 ns
tESBDD 2.75 3.41 4.03 ns
tPD 1.58 1.97 2.33 ns
tPTERMSU 1.00 1.22 1.51 ns
tPTERMCO 1.10 1.37 1.09 ns
Table 75. EP20K200E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.25 0.27 0.29 ns
tF5-20 1.02 1.20 1.41 ns
tF20+ 1.99 2.23 2.53 ns
96 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 76. EP20K200E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 1.36 2.44 2.65 ns
tCL 1.36 2.44 2.65 ns
tCLRP 0.18 0.19 0.21 ns
tPREP 0.18 0.19 0.21 ns
tESBCH 1.36 2.44 2.65 ns
tESBCL 1.36 2.44 2.65 ns
tESBWP 1.18 1.48 1.76 ns
tESBRP 0.95 1.17 1.41 ns
Table 77. EP20K200E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 2.24 2.35 2.47 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 5.12 2.00 5.62 2.00 6.11 ns
tINSUPLL 2.13 2.07 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 3.01 0.50 3.36 - - ns
Altera Corporation 97
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 79 through 84 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters, fMAX
ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum Pulse
Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and External
Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K300E APEX 20KE devices.
Table 78. EP20K200E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 2.81 3.19 3.54 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 5.12 2.00 5.62 2.00 6.11 ns
tXZBIDIR 7.51 8.32 8.67 ns
tZXBIDIR 7.51 8.32 8.67 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 3.30 3.64 - ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 3.01 0.50 3.36 - - ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 5.40 6.05 - ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 5.40 6.05 - ns
Table 79. EP20K300E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.16 0.17 0.18 ns
tH0.31 0.33 0.38 ns
tCO 0.28 0.38 0.51 ns
tLUT 0.79 1.07 1.43 ns
98 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 80. EP20K300E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 1.79 2.44 3.25 ns
tESBSRC 2.40 3.12 4.01 ns
tESBAWC 3.41 4.65 6.20 ns
tESBSWC 3.68 4.68 5.93 ns
tESBWASU 1.55 2.12 2.83 ns
tESBWAH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBWDSU 1.71 2.33 3.11 ns
tESBWDH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBRASU 1.72 2.34 3.13 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBWESU 1.63 2.36 3.28 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU 0.07 0.39 0.80 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU 0.27 0.67 1.17 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.34 0.75 1.28 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.03 1.20 1.40 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.33 3.18 4.24 ns
tESBDD 3.41 4.65 6.20 ns
tPD 1.68 2.29 3.06 ns
tPTERMSU 0.96 1.48 2.14 ns
tPTERMCO 1.05 1.22 1.42 ns
Table 81. EP20K300E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.22 0.24 0.26 ns
tF5-20 1.33 1.43 1.58 ns
tF20+ 3.63 3.93 4.35 ns
Altera Corporation 99
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 82. EP20K300E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tCL 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tCLRP 0.19 0.26 0.35 ns
tPREP 0.19 0.26 0.35 ns
tESBCH 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tESBCL 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tESBWP 1.25 1.71 2.28 ns
tESBRP 1.01 1.38 1.84 ns
Table 83. EP20K300E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 2.31 2.44 2.57 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 5.29 2.00 5.82 2.00 6.24 ns
tINSUPLL 1.76 1.85 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 2.65 0.50 2.95 - - ns
Table 84. EP20K300E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 -2 -3 Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 2.77 2.85 3.11 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 5.29 2.00 5.82 2.00 6.24 ns
tXZBIDIR 7.59 8.30 9.09 ns
tZXBIDIR 7.59 8.30 9.09 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 2.50 2.76 - ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 2.65 0.50 2.95 - - ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 5.00 5.43 - ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 5.00 5.43 - ns
100 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 85 through 90 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters, fMAX
ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum Pulse
Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and External
Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K400E APEX 20KE devices.
Table 85. EP20K400E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.23 0.23 0.23 ns
tH0.23 0.23 0.23 ns
tCO 0.25 0.29 0.32 ns
tLUT 0.70 0.83 1.01 ns
Altera Corporation 101
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 86. EP20K400E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 1.67 1.91 1.99 ns
tESBSRC 2.30 2.66 2.93 ns
tESBAWC 3.09 3.58 3.99 ns
tESBSWC 3.01 3.65 4.05 ns
tESBWASU 0.54 0.63 0.65 ns
tESBWAH 0.36 0.43 0.42 ns
tESBWDSU 0.69 0.77 0.84 ns
tESBWDH 0.36 0.43 0.42 ns
tESBRASU 1.61 1.77 1.86 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.00 0.01 ns
tESBWESU 1.35 1.47 1.61 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU -0.18 -0.30 -0.27 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU -0.02 -0.11 -0.03 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.06 -0.01 -0.05 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.16 1.40 1.54 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.18 2.55 2.85 ns
tESBDD 2.73 3.17 3.58 ns
tPD 1.57 1.83 2.07 ns
tPTERMSU 0.92 0.99 1.18 ns
tPTERMCO 1.18 1.43 1.17 ns
102 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 87. EP20K400E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.25 0.25 0.26 ns
tF5-20 1.01 1.12 1.25 ns
tF20+ 3.71 3.92 4.17 ns
Table 88. EP20K400E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 1.36 2.22 2.35 ns
tCL 1.36 2.26 2.35 ns
tCLRP 0.18 0.18 0.19 ns
tPREP 0.18 0.18 0.19 ns
tESBCH 1.36 2.26 2.35 ns
tESBCL 1.36 2.26 2.35 ns
tESBWP 1.17 1.38 1.56 ns
tESBRP 0.94 1.09 1.25 ns
Table 89. EP20K400E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 2.51 2.64 2.77 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 5.25 2.00 5.79 2.00 6.32 ns
tINSUPLL 3.221 3.38 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 2.25 0.50 2.45 - - ns
Altera Corporation 103
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 91 through 96 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters, fMAX
ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum Pulse
Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and External
Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K600E APEX 20KE devices.
Table 90. EP20K400E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 2.93 3.23 3.44 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 5.25 2.00 5.79 2.00 6.32 ns
tXZBIDIR 5.95 6.77 7.12 ns
tZXBIDIR 5.95 6.77 7.12 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 4.31 4.76 - ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 2.25 0.50 2.45 - - ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 2.94 3.43 - ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 2.94 3.43 - ns
Table 91. EP20K600E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.16 0.16 0.17 ns
tH0.29 0.33 0.37 ns
tCO 0.65 0.38 0.49 ns
tLUT 0.70 1.00 1.30 ns
104 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 92. EP20K600E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 1.67 2.39 3.11 ns
tESBSRC 2.27 3.07 3.86 ns
tESBAWC 3.19 4.56 5.93 ns
tESBSWC 3.51 4.62 5.72 ns
tESBWASU 1.46 2.08 2.70 ns
tESBWAH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBWDSU 1.60 2.29 2.97 ns
tESBWDH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBRASU 1.61 2.30 2.99 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBWESU 1.49 2.30 3.11 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU -0.01 0.35 0.71 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU 0.19 0.62 1.06 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.25 0.71 1.17 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.01 1.19 1.37 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.18 3.12 4.05 ns
tESBDD 3.19 4.56 5.93 ns
tPD 1.57 2.25 2.92 ns
tPTERMSU 0.85 1.43 2.01 ns
tPTERMCO 1.03 1.21 1.39 ns
Table 93. EP20K600E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.22 0.25 0.26 ns
tF5-20 1.26 1.39 1.52 ns
tF20+ 3.51 3.88 4.26 ns
Altera Corporation 105
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 94. EP20K600E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 2.00 2.50 2.75 ns
tCL 2.00 2.50 2.75 ns
tCLRP 0.18 0.26 0.34 ns
tPREP 0.18 0.26 0.34 ns
tESBCH 2.00 2.50 2.75 ns
tESBCL 2.00 2.50 2.75 ns
tESBWP 1.17 1.68 2.18 ns
tESBRP 0.95 1.35 1.76 ns
Table 95. EP20K600E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 2.74 2.74 2.87 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 5.51 2.00 6.06 2.00 6.61 ns
tINSUPLL 1.86 1.96 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 2.62 0.50 2.91 - - ns
Table 96. EP20K600E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 0.64 0.98 1.08 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 5.51 2.00 6.06 2.00 6.61 ns
tXZBIDIR 6.10 6.74 7.10 ns
tZXBIDIR 6.10 6.74 7.10 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 2.26 2.68 - ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 2.62 0.50 2.91 - - ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 3.21 3.59 - ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 3.21 3.59 - ns
106 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 97 through 102 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters, fMAX
ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum Pulse
Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and External
Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K1000E APEX 20KE devices.
Table 97. EP20K1000E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.25 0.25 0.25 ns
tH0.25 0.25 0.25 ns
tCO 0.28 0.32 0.33 ns
tLUT 0.80 0.95 1.13 ns
Altera Corporation 107
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 98. EP20K1000E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 1.78 2.02 1.95 ns
tESBSRC 2.52 2.91 3.14 ns
tESBAWC 3.52 4.11 4.40 ns
tESBSWC 3.23 3.84 4.16 ns
tESBWASU 0.62 0.67 0.61 ns
tESBWAH 0.41 0.55 0.55 ns
tESBWDSU 0.77 0.79 0.81 ns
tESBWDH 0.41 0.55 0.55 ns
tESBRASU 1.74 1.92 1.85 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.01 0.23 ns
tESBWESU 2.07 2.28 2.41 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU 0.25 0.27 0.29 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU 0.11 0.04 0.11 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.14 0.11 0.16 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.29 1.50 1.63 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.55 2.99 3.22 ns
tESBDD 3.12 3.57 3.85 ns
tPD 1.84 2.13 2.32 ns
tPTERMSU 1.08 1.19 1.32 ns
tPTERMCO 1.31 1.53 1.66 ns
108 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 99. EP20K1000E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.27 0.27 0.27 ns
tF5-20 1.45 1.63 1.75 ns
tF20+ 4.15 4.33 4.97 ns
Table 100. EP20K1000E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tCL 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tCLRP 0.20 0.20 0.20 ns
tPREP 0.20 0.20 0.20 ns
tESBCH 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tESBCL 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tESBWP 1.28 1.51 1.65 ns
tESBRP 1.11 1.29 1.41 ns
Table 101. EP20K1000E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 2.70 2.84 2.97 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 5.75 2.00 6.33 2.00 6.90 ns
tINSUPLL 1.64 2.09 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 2.25 0.50 2.99 - - ns
Altera Corporation 109
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 103 through 108 describe fMAX LE Timing Microparameters, fMAX
ESB Timing Microparameters, fMAX Routing Delays, Minimum Pulse
Width Timing Parameters, External Timing Parameters, and External
Bidirectional Timing Parameters for EP20K1500E APEX 20KE devices.
Table 102. EP20K1000E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 3.22 3.33 3.51 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 5.75 2.00 6.33 2.00 6.90 ns
tXZBIDIR 6.31 7.09 7.76 ns
tZXBIDIR 6.31 7.09 7.76 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 3.25 3.26 ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 2.25 0.50 2.99 ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 2.81 3.80 ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 2.81 3.80 ns
Table 103. EP20K1500E fMAX LE Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tSU 0.25 0.25 0.25 ns
tH0.25 0.25 0.25 ns
tCO 0.28 0.32 0.33 ns
tLUT 0.80 0.95 1.13 ns
110 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 104. EP20K1500E fMAX ESB Timing Microparameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tESBARC 1.78 2.02 1.95 ns
tESBSRC 2.52 2.91 3.14 ns
tESBAWC 3.52 4.11 4.40 ns
tESBSWC 3.23 3.84 4.16 ns
tESBWASU 0.62 0.67 0.61 ns
tESBWAH 0.41 0.55 0.55 ns
tESBWDSU 0.77 0.79 0.81 ns
tESBWDH 0.41 0.55 0.55 ns
tESBRASU 1.74 1.92 1.85 ns
tESBRAH 0.00 0.01 0.23 ns
tESBWESU 2.07 2.28 2.41 ns
tESBWEH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tESBDATASU 0.25 0.27 0.29 ns
tESBDATAH 0.13 0.13 0.13 ns
tESBWADDRSU 0.11 0.04 0.11 ns
tESBRADDRSU 0.14 0.11 0.16 ns
tESBDATACO1 1.29 1.50 1.63 ns
tESBDATACO2 2.55 2.99 3.22 ns
tESBDD 3.12 3.57 3.85 ns
tPD 1.84 2.13 2.32 ns
tPTERMSU 1.08 1.19 1.32 ns
tPTERMCO 1.31 1.53 1.66 ns
Table 105. EP20K1500E fMAX Routing Delays
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tF1-4 0.28 0.28 0.28 ns
tF5-20 1.36 1.50 1.62 ns
tF20+ 4.43 4.48 5.07 ns
Altera Corporation 111
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Table 106. EP20K1500E Minimum Pulse Width Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tCH 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tCL 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tCLRP 0.20 0.20 0.20 ns
tPREP 0.20 0.20 0.20 ns
tESBCH 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tESBCL 1.25 1.43 1.67 ns
tESBWP 1.28 1.51 1.65 ns
tESBRP 1.11 1.29 1.41 ns
Table 107. EP20K1500E External Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSU 3.09 3.30 3.58 ns
tINH 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCO 2.00 6.18 2.00 6.81 2.00 7.36 ns
tINSUPLL 1.94 2.08 - ns
tINHPLL 0.00 0.00 - ns
tOUTCOPLL 0.50 2.67 0.50 2.99 - - ns
112 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Tables 109 and 110 show selectable I/O standard input and output
delays for APEX 20KE devices. If you select an I/O standard input or
output delay other than LVCMOS, add or subtract the selected speed
grade to or from the LVCMOS value.
Table 108. EP20K1500E External Bidirectional Timing Parameters
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max
tINSUBIDIR 3.47 3.68 3.99 ns
tINHBIDIR 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIR 2.00 6.18 2.00 6.81 2.00 7.36 ns
tXZBIDIR 6.91 7.62 8.38 ns
tZXBIDIR 6.91 7.62 8.38 ns
tINSUBIDIRPLL 3.05 3.26 ns
tINHBIDIRPLL 0.00 0.00 ns
tOUTCOBIDIRPLL 0.50 2.67 0.50 2.99 ns
tXZBIDIRPLL 3.41 3.80 ns
tZXBIDIRPLL 3.41 3.80 ns
Table 109. Selectable I/O Standard Input Delays
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min
LVCMOS 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
LVTTL 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
2.5 V 0.00 0.04 0.05 ns
1.8 V –0.11 0.03 0.04 ns
PCI 0.01 0.09 0.10 ns
GTL+ –0.24 –0.23 –0.19 ns
SSTL-3 Class I –0.32 –0.21 –0.47 ns
SSTL-3 Class II –0.08 0.03 –0.23 ns
SSTL-2 Class I –0.17 –0.06 –0.32 ns
SSTL-2 Class II –0.16 –0.05 –0.31 ns
LVDS –0.12 –0.12 –0.12 ns
CTT 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
AGP 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
Altera Corporation 113
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Power
Consumption
To estimate device power consumption, use the interactive power
calculator on the Altera web site at http://www.altera.com.
Configuration &
Operation
The APEX 20K architecture supports several configuration schemes. This
section summarizes the device operating modes and available device
configuration schemes.
Operating Modes
The APEX architecture uses SRAM configuration elements that require
configuration data to be loaded each time the circuit powers up. The
process of physically loading the SRAM data into the device is called
configuration. During initialization, which occurs immediately after
configuration, the device resets registers, enables I/O pins, and begins to
operate as a logic device. The I/O pins are tri-stated during power-up,
and before and during configuration. Together, the configuration and
initialization processes are called command mode; normal device operation
is called user mode.
Before and during device configuration, all I/O pins are pulled to VCCIO
by a built-in weak pull-up resistor.
Table 110. Selectable I/O Standard Output Delays
Symbol -1 Speed Grade -2 Speed Grade -3 Speed Grade Unit
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min
LVCMOS 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
LVTTL 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
2.5 V 0.00 0.09 0.10 ns
1.8 V 2.49 2.98 3.03 ns
PCI –0.03 0.17 0.16 ns
GTL+ 0.75 0.75 0.76 ns
SSTL-3 Class I 1.39 1.51 1.50 ns
SSTL-3 Class II 1.11 1.23 1.23 ns
SSTL-2 Class I 1.35 1.48 1.47 ns
SSTL-2 Class II 1.00 1.12 1.12 ns
LVDS –0.48 –0.48 –0.48 ns
CTT 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
AGP 0.00 0.00 0.00 ns
114 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
SRAM configuration elements allow APEX 20K devices to be
reconfigured in-circuit by loading new configuration data into the
device. Real-time reconfiguration is performed by forcing the device
into command mode with a device pin, loading different
configuration data, reinitializing the device, and resuming user-
mode operation. In-field upgrades can be performed by distributing
new configuration files.
Configuration Schemes
The configuration data for an APEX 20K device can be loaded with
one of five configuration schemes (see Table 111), chosen on the basis
of the target application. An EPC2 or EPC16 configuration device,
intelligent controller, or the JTAG port can be used to control the
configuration of an APEX 20K device. When a configuration device
is used, the system can configure automatically at system power-up.
Multiple APEX 20K devices can be configured in any of five
configuration schemes by connecting the configuration enable (nCE)
and configuration enable output (nCEO) pins on each device.
fFor more information on configuration, see Application Note 116
(Configuring APEX 20K, FLEX 10K, & FLEX 6000 Devices.)
Device Pin-Outs See the Altera web site (http://www.altera.com) or the Altera Digital
Library for pin-out information
Table 111. Data Sources for Configuration
Configuration Scheme Data Source
Configuration device EPC1, EPC2, EPC16 configuration devices
Passive serial (PS) MasterBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cable or serial data source
Passive parallel asynchronous (PPA) Parallel data source
Passive parallel synchronous (PPS) Parallel data source
JTAG MasterBlaster or ByteBlasterMV download cable or a microprocessor
with a Jam or JBC File
Altera Corporation 115
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Revision
History
The information contained in the APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device
Family Data Sheet version 5.1 supersedes information published in
previous versions.
Version 5.1
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet version 5.1
contains the following changes:
■In version 5.0, the VI input voltage spec was updated in Table 28 on
page 63.
■In version 5.0, Note (5) to Tables 27 through 30 was revised.
■Added Note (2) to Figure 21 on page 33.
Version 5.0
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet version 5.0
contains the following changes:
■Updated Tables 23 through 26. Removed 2.5-V operating condition
tables because all APEX 20K devices are now 5.0-V tolerant.
■Updated conditions in Tables 33, 38 and 39.
■Updated data for tESBDATAH parameter.
Version 4.3
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet version 4.3
contains the following changes:
■Updated Figure 20.
■Updated Note (2) to Table 13.
■Updated notes to Tables 27 through 30.
Version 4.2
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet version 4.2
contains the following changes:
■Updated Figure 29.
■Updated Note (1) to Figure 29.
116 Altera Corporation
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
Version 4.1
APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet version 4.1
contains the following changes:
■tESBWEH added to Figure 37 and Tables 35, 50, 56, 62, 68, 74, 86,
92, 97, and 104.
■Updated EP20K300E device internal and external timing
numbers in Tables 79 through 84.
Copyright © 2004 Altera Corporation. All rights reserved. Altera, The Programmable Solutions Company, the
stylized Altera logo, specific device designations, and all other words and logos that are identified as
trademarks and/or service marks are, unless noted otherwise, the trademarks and service marks of Altera
Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. All other product or service names are the property of their
respective holders. Altera products are protected under numerous U.S. and foreign patents and pending
applications, mask work rights, and copyrights. Altera warrants performance of its semiconductor products
to current specifications in accordance with Altera’s standard warranty, but reserves the right to make changes
to any products and services at any time without notice. Altera assumes no responsibility
or liability arising out of the application or use of any information, product, or service
described herein except as expressly agreed to in writing by Altera Corporation. Altera
customers are advised to obtain the latest version of device specifications before relying
on any published information and before placing orders for products or services.
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APEX 20K Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet
117 Altera Corporation
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