LM324AD - STMicroelectronics

September 2006 Rev 4 1/20

LM224A-LM324A

Low power quad operational amplifiers

Features

■Wide gain bandwidth: 1.3 MHz

■Input common-mode voltage range includes

ground

■Large voltage gain: 100 dB

■Very low supply current/amplifier: 375 µA

■Low input bias current: 20 nA

■Low input offset voltage: 3 mV max.

■Low input offset current: 2 nA

■Wide power supply range:

Single supply: +3 V to +30 V

Dual supplies: ±1.5 V to ±15 V

Description

These circuits consist of four independent, high

gain, internally frequency compensated

operationa l amplifiers . The y oper ate from a single

power supply ov er a wide range of voltages.

Operation from split power supplies is also

possib le and the low p ower supply current drain is

independent of the magnitude of the power supply

voltage.

Order codes

DIP14

(Plastic package)

SO-14

(Plastic micropackage)

TSSOP-14

(Thin shrink small outline package)

Part number Temper ature range Package P ackaging

LM224AN

-40° C, +105° C

DIP Tube

LM224AD/ADT SO Tube or tape & reel

LM224APT TSSOP

(Thin shrink outline package) Tape & reel

LM324AN

0° C, +70° C

DIP Tube

LM324AD/ADT SO Tube or tape & reel

LM324APT TSSOP

(Thin shrink outline package) Tape & reel

www.st.com

Contents LM224A-LM324A

2/20

Contents

1 Pin connections and schematic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Absolute maxim u m ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4 Typical single-supply applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5 Macromodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

6 Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.1 DIP14 package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6.2 SO-14 package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6.3 TSSOP14 package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

7 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

LM224A-LM324 A Pin connections and schematic diagram

3/20

1 Pin connections and schematic diagram

Figure 1. Pin connections (top vie w)

Figure 2. Schematic diagram (1/4 LM124)

Inverting Input 2

Non-inverting Input 2

Non-inverting Input 1

Output 3

Output 4

Non-inverting Input 4

Inverting Input 4

Non-inverting Input 3

Inverting Input 3

Output 1

Inverting Input 1

Output 2

Absolute maximum ratings LM224A-LM324A

4/20

2 Absolute maximum ratings

Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings

Symbol Parameter LM224A LM324A Unit

VCC Supply voltage ±16 or 32 V

ViInput voltage -0.3 to VCC + 0.3 V

Vid Differential input voltage (1)

1. Neither of the input voltages must exceed the magnitude of VCC+ or VCC-.

32 V

Ptot

Power dissipation:

N suffix

D suffix 500

400 500

400 mW

Output short-circuit duration (2)

2. Short-circuits from the output to VCC can cause excessive heating if VCC > 15 V. The maximum output

current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of VCC. Destructive dissipation can result

from simultaneous short-circuits on all amplifiers.

Infinite

Iin Input current (3)

3. This input current only exists when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the

collector-base junction of the input PNP transistor becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input

diode clamps. In addition to this diode action, there is also NPN parasitic action on the IC chip. This

transistor action can cause the output voltages of the op-amps to go to the VCC voltage level (or to ground

for a large overdrive) for the time during which an input is driven negative.

This is not destructive and normal output will set up again for input voltage higher than -0.3 V.

50 mA

Toper Operating free-air temperature range -40 to +105 0 to +70 °C

Tstg Storage temperature range -65 to +150 °C

TjMaximum junction temperature 150 °C

Rthja

Ther mal resistance junction to ambient(4):

SO14

TSSOP14

DIP14

4. Short-circuits can cause excessive heating. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous short-

circuits on all amplifiers. These are typical values given for a single layer board (except for TSSOP which is

a two-layer board).

103

100

°C/W

Rthjc

Ther mal resistance junction to case:

SO14

TSSOP14

DIP14

°C/W

ESD

HBM: human body model(5)

5. Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into pin of device.

700

VMM: machine model(6)

6. Machine model ESD, a 200 pF cap is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly into the IC

with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5Ω), into pin-to-pin of device.

150

CDM: charged device model 1500

LM224A-LM324A Electrical characteristics

5/20

3 Electrical characteristics

Table 2. VCC+ = +5V, VCC-= Ground, Vo = 1.4V, Tamb = +25°C (unless otherwise

specified)

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Vio

Input offset voltage (1):

Tamb = +25° C

Tmin ≤ T

amb ≤ T

max

5mV

Iio

Input offse t current:

Tamb = +25° C

Tmin ≤ T

amb ≤ T

max

220

40 nA

Iib

Input bias current (2):

Tamb = +25° C

Tmin ≤ T

amb ≤ T

max

20 100

200 nA

Avd

Large signal voltage gain:

VCC+ = +15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, Vo = 1.4 V to 11.4 V

Tamb = +25° C

Tmin ≤ T

amb ≤ T

max

25 100 V/mV

SVR

Supply voltage rejection ratio (Rs ≤ 10 kΩ):

VCC+ = 5 V to 30 V

Tamb = +25° C

Tmin ≤ T

amb ≤ T

max

65 110 dB

ICC

Supply current, all Amp, no load:

–T

amb = +25° C

VCC = +5V

VCC = +30 V

–T

min ≤ T

amb ≤ T

max

VCC = +5 V

VCC = +30 V

0.7

1.5

0.8

1.5

1.2

Vicm

Input common mode voltage range:

VCC = +30 V (3)

Tamb = +25° C

Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ T

max

0VCC -1.5

VCC -2

CMR Common mode rejection ratio (Rs ≤ 10 kΩ):

Tamb = +25° C

Tmin ≤ T

amb ≤ T

max

60 80 dB

Isource Output current source (Vid = +1 V):

VCC = +15 V, Vo = +2 V 20 40 70 mA

Isink

Output sink current (Vid = -1 V):

VCC = +15 V, Vo = +2 V

VCC = +15 V, Vo = +0.2 V 10

12 20

50 mA

µA

Electrical characteristics LM224A-LM324A

6/20

VOH

High level output voltage VCC = +30 V, RL = 2 kΩ

Tamb = +25°C

Tmin ≤ T

amb ≤ T

max

26 27 V

VCC = +30 V, RL = 10 kΩ

Tamb = +25° C

Tmin ≤ T

amb ≤ T

max 27

27 28 V

VCC = +5 V, RL = 2 kΩ

Tamb = +25° C

Tmin ≤ T

amb ≤ Tmax

3.5

VOL

Low level output voltage (RL = 10kΩ):

Tamb = +25°C

Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax

520

20 mV

SR Slew rate:

VCC = 15 V, Vi = 0.5 to 3 V, RL = 2 kΩ, CL = 100 pF,

unity gain 0.4 V/µs

GBP Gain bandwidth product:

VCC = 30 V, f =100 kHz, Vin = 10 mV, RL = 2 kΩ,

CL= 100pF 1.3 MHz

THD Total harmonic distortion:

f = 1kHz, Av = 20dB , RL = 2kΩ, Vo = 2Vpp, CL =

100pF, VCC = 30V 0.015 %

enEquivalent input noise voltage:

f = 1 kHz, Rs = 100 Ω, VCC = 30 V 40

DVio Input offset voltage drift 7 30 μV/°C

DIio Input offset current drift 10 200 pA/°C

Vo1/Vo2 Channel separation(4) - 1kHz ≤ f ≤ 20 kHZ 120 dB

1. Vo = 1.4 V, Rs = 0 Ω, 5 V < VCC+ < 30 V, 0 < Vic < VCC+ - 1.5 V

2. The direction of the input current is out of the IC. This current is essentially constant, independent of the

state of the output so there is no load change on the input lines.

3. The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by

more than 0.3 V. The upper end of the common-mode voltage range is VCC+ - 1.5 V, but either or both

inputs can go to +32 V without damage.

4. Due to the proximity of external components, ensure that there is no coupling originating from stray

capacitance between these external parts. Typically, this can be detected at higher frequencies because

this type of capacitance increases.

Table 2. VCC+ = +5V, VCC-= Ground, Vo = 1.4V, Tamb = +25°C (unless otherwise

specified)

Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

------------

LM224A-LM324A Electrical characteristics

7/20

Figure 3. Input bias current vs. ambient

temperature Figure 4. Current limiting

-55-35-15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

INPUT BIAS CURRENT

versus AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

IB (nA)

Figure 5. Input voltage range Figure 6. Supply current

Figure 7. Gain bandwidth product Figure 8. Common mode rejection ratio

Electrical characteristics LM224A-LM324A

8/20

Figure 9. Input bias current vs. ambient

temperature Figure 10. Current limiting

-55-35-15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

INPUT BIAS CURRENT

versus AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

IB (nA)

Figure 11. Input voltage range Figure 12. Supply current

Figure 13. Gain band width product Figure 14. Common mode rejection ratio

LM224A-LM324A Electrical characteristics

9/20

Figure 15. Electrical curves

Electrical characteristics LM224A-LM324A

10/20

Figure 16. Input current Figure 17. Large signal voltage gain

Figure 18. Power supply & common mode

rejection ratio Figure 19. Voltage gain

LM224A-LM324A Typical singl e-supply applications

11/20

4 Typical single-supply applications

Figure 20. AC coupled inverting amplifier Figure 21. High input Z adjustable gain DC

instrumentation amplifier

if R1 = R5 and R3 = R4 = R6 = R7

e0 = (e2 -e1)

As shown e 0 = 101 (e2 - e1).

12R1

-----------+

Figure 22. AC coupled non inverting amplifier Figure 23. DC summing amplifier

e0 = e1 +e2 -e3 -e4

Where (e1 +e2)

≥

(e3 +e4)

to keep e0

≥

Figure 24. Non-inverting DC gain Figure 25. Low drift peak detector

Typical single-supply applica tions LM224A-LM32 4A

12/20

Figure 26. Active bandpass filter Figure 27. High input Z, DC differential

amplifier

Figure 28. Using symmetrical amplifiers to

reduce input curre nt (general

concept)

Fo = 1kHz

Q = 50

Av = 100 (40dB)

For

(CMRR depends on this resistor ratio match)

------- R4

-------=

e0 (e2 - e1)

As shown e0 = (e2 - e1)

1R4

-------+

⎝⎠

⎛⎞

LM224A-LM324A Macromodels

13/20

5 Macromodels

Note: Please consider the following before using this macromodel:

All models are a tr ade-off betw een accuracy and complexity (i.e. simu lation time).

Macromodels are not a substitute to breadboarding; rather, they confirm the validity of a

design approach and help to select surrounding component values.

A macromodel emulates the nominal performance of a typical device within specified

operating conditions ( i.e. temper ature, sup ply voltage , etc.). Thus the macromod el is often

not as exhaustive as the datasheet, its purpose is to illustrate the main parameters of the

product.

Data issued from macromodels that is used outside of the specified conditions (VCC,

temper ature, etc.) or e v en w orse, outside of th e de vice oper ating conditions ( VCC, Vicm, etc.)

is not reliable in any way.

** Standard Linear Ics Macromodels, 1993.

** CONNECTIONS :

* 1 INVERTING INPUT

* 2 NON-INVERTING INPUT

* 3 OUTPUT

* 4 POSITIVE POWER SUPPLY

* 5 NEGATIVE POWER SUPPLY

.SUBCKT LM124 1 3 2 4 5

*******************************************************

.MODEL MDTH D IS=1E-8 KF=3.104131E-15 CJO=10F

* INPUT STAGE

CIP 2 5 1.000000E-12

CIN 1 5 1.000000E-12

EIP 10 5 2 5 1

EIN 16 5 1 5 1

RIP 10 11 2.600000E+01

RIN 15 16 2.600000E+01

RIS 11 15 2.003862E+02

DIP 11 12 MDTH 400E-12

DIN 15 14 MDTH 400E-12

VOFP 12 13 DC 0

VOFN 13 14 DC 0

IPOL 13 5 1.000000E-05

CPS 11 15 3.783376E-09

DINN 17 13 MDTH 400E-12

VIN 17 5 0.000000e+00

DINR 15 18 MDTH 400E-12

VIP 4 18 2.000000E+00

FCP 4 5 VOFP 3.400000E+01

FCN 5 4 VOFN 3.400000E+01

FIBP 2 5 VOFN 2.000000E-03

FIBN 5 1 VOFP 2.000000E-03

* AMPLIFYING STAGE

Macromodels LM224A-LM324A

14/20

FIP 5 19 VOFP 3.600000E+02

FIN 5 19 VOFN 3.600000E+02

RG1 19 5 3.652997E+06

RG2 19 4 3.652997E+06

CC 19 5 6.000000E-09

DOPM 19 22 MDTH 400E-12

DONM 21 19 MDTH 400E-12

HOPM 22 28 VOUT 7.500000E+03

VIPM 28 4 1.500000E+02

HONM 21 27 VOUT 7.500000E+03

VINM 5 27 1.500000E+02

EOUT 26 23 19 5 1

VOUT 23 5 0

ROUT 26 3 20

COUT 3 5 1.000000E-12

DOP 19 25 MDTH 400E-12

VOP 4 25 2.242230E+00

DON 24 19 MDTH 400E-12

VON 24 5 7.922301E-01

.ENDS

The v alues provided in Table 3 are der i ved from this macromodel.

Table 3. Vcc+ = +15V, Vcc- = 0V, Tamb = 25° C (unle s s ot h erw is e sp e ci fie d )

Symbol Conditions Value Unit

Vio 0mV

Avd RL = 2 kΩ100 V/mV

Icc No load, per amplifier 350 µA

Vicm 0 to +13.5 V

VOH RL = 2 kΩ (VCC+=15 V) +13.5 V

VOL RL = 10 kΩ5mV

Ios Vo = +2 V, VCC = +15 V +40 mA

GBP RL = 2 kΩ, CL = 100 pF 1.3 MHz

SR RL = 2 kΩ, CL = 100 pF 0.4 V/µs

LM224A-LM324A Package mechanical data

15/20

6 Package mechanical data

In order to meet environmental requirements, STMicroelectronics offers these devices in

ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a Lead-free second level interconnect. The

category of second level interconnect is marked on the pa ckage and on the inner bo x label,

in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering

conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an STMicroelectronics

tradem ark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com.

Package mechanical data LM224A-LM324A

16/20

6.1 DIP14 package

DIM. mm. inch

MIN. TYP MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.

a1 0.51 0.020

B 1.39 1.65 0.055 0.065

b 0.5 0.020

b1 0.25 0.010

D 20 0.787

E 8.5 0.335

e 2.54 0.100

e3 15.24 0.600

F 7.1 0.280

I 5.1 0.201

L 3.3 0.130

Z 1.27 2.54 0.050 0.100

Plastic DIP-14 MECHANICAL DATA

P001A

LM224A-LM324A Package mechanical data

17/20

6.2 SO-14 package

DIM. mm. inch

MIN. TYP MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.

A 1.75 0.068

a1 0.1 0.2 0.003 0.007

a2 1.65 0.064

b 0.35 0.46 0.013 0.018

b1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010

C 0.5 0.019

c1 45˚ (typ. )

D 8.55 8.75 0.336 0.344

E 5.8 6.2 0.228 0.244

e 1.27 0.050

e3 7.62 0.300

F 3.8 4.0 0.149 0.157

G 4.6 5.3 0.181 0.208

L 0.5 1.27 0.019 0.050

M 0.68 0.026

S˚ (max.)

SO-14 MECHANICAL DATA

PO13G

Package mechanical data LM224A-LM324A

18/20

6.3 TSSOP14 package

DIM. mm. inch

MIN. TYP MAX. MIN. TYP. MAX.

A 1.2 0.047

A1 0.05 0.15 0.002 0.004 0.006

A2 0.8 1 1.05 0.031 0.039 0.041

b 0.19 0.30 0.007 0.012

c 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.0089

D 4.9 5 5.1 0.193 0.197 0.201

E 6.2 6.4 6.6 0.244 0.252 0.260

E1 4.3 4.4 4.48 0.169 0.173 0.176

e 0.65 BSC 0.0256 BSC

K0˚ 8˚0˚ 8˚

L 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.018 0.024 0.030

TSSOP14 MECHANICAL DATA

PIN 1 IDENTIFICATION

A1 L

0080337D

LM224A-LM324A Revision history

19/20

7 Revision history

Table 4. Document revi sion history

Date Revision Changes

1-Mar-2001 1 First Release

1-Feb-2005 2 Added explanation of Vid and Vi limits in Table 1 on page 4.

Updated macromodel.

1-Jun-2005 3 ESD protection inserted in Table 1 on page 4.

25-Sep-2006 4 Editorial update.

LM224A-LM324A

20/20

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