Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2004
July, 2004 − Rev. 14 1Publication Order Number:
LM324/D
LM324, LM324A, LM224,
LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
Single Supply Quad
Operational Amplifiers
The LM324 series are low−cost, quad operational amplifiers with
true differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over
standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The
quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as
high as 32 V with quiescent currents about one−fifth of those
associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common
mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating th e
necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The
output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage.
Features
Pb−Free Packages are Available*
Short Circuited Protected Outputs
True Differential Input Stage
Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V
Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A)
Four Amplifiers Per Package
Internally Compensated
Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply
Industry Standard Pinouts
ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Affecting
Device Operation
NCV Prefix for Automotive and Other Applications Requiring Site
and Control Changes
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering details, please
download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques
Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
PDIP−14
N SUFFIX
CASE 646
1
14 SOIC−14
D SUFFIX
CASE 751A
1
14
PIN CONNECTIONS
8
Out 4
Inputs 4
VEE, GND
Inputs 3
Out 3
9
10
11
12
13
14
2
Out 1
VCC
Out 2
1
3
4
5
6
7
Inputs 1
Inputs 2
(Top View)
4
23
1
See general marking information in the device marking
section on page 10 of this data sheet.
DEVICE MARKING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package
dimensions section on page 9 of this data sheet.
ORDERING INFORMATION
1
14 TSSOP−14
DTB SUFFIX
CASE 948G
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LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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2
MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Rating Symbol Value Unit
Power Supply Voltages 32 Vdc
Single Supply VCC
3
±16
Split Supplies VCC, VEE
±16
Input Differential Voltage Range (Note 1) VIDR ±32 Vdc
Input Common Mode Voltage Range VICR −0.3 to 32 Vdc
Output Short Circuit Duration tSC Continuous
Junction Temperature TJ150 °C
Storage Temperature Range Tstg −65 to +150 °C
ESD Protection at any Pin
Human Body Model
Machine Model
Vesd 2000
200
V
Operating Ambient Temperature Range TA°C
LM224 −25 to +85
LM324, 324A 0 to +70
LM2902 −40 to +105
LM2902V, NCV2902 −40 to +125
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit
values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied,
damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
1. Split Power Supplies.
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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3
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = GND, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
LM224 LM324A LM324 LM2902 LM2902V/NCV2902
Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit
Input Of fset Voltage VIO mV
VCC = 5.0 V to 30 V
VICR = 0 V to
VCC −1.7 V,
VO = 1.4 V, RS = 0
TA = 25°C 2.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 7.0 2.0 7.0 2.0 7.0
TA = Thigh (Note 2) 7.0 5.0 9.0 10 13
TA = Tlow (Note 2) 7.0 5.0 9.0 10 10
Average Temperature
Coefficient of Input
Offset Voltage
VIO/T 7.0 7.0 30 7.0 7.0 7.0 V/°C
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Notes 2 and 4)
Input Offset Current IIO 3.0 30 5.0 30 5.0 50 5.0 50 5.0 50 nA
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 2) 100 75 150 200 200
Average Temperature
Coefficient of Input
Offset Current
IIO/T 10 10 300 10 10 10 pA/°C
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Notes 2 and 4)
Input Bias Current IIB −90 −150 −45 −100 −90 −250 −90 −250 −90 −250 nA
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 2) −300 −200 −500 −500 −500
Input Common Mode
Voltage Range
(Note 3)
VICR V
VCC = 30 V
TA = +25°C0 28.3 0 28.3 0 28.3 0 24.3 0 24.3
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 2) 0 28 0 28 0 28 0 24 0 24
Differential Input
Voltage Range VIDR VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC V
Large Signal Open
Loop Voltage Gain AVOL V/mV
RL = 2.0 k,
VCC = 15 V,
for Large VO Swing
50 100 25 100 25 100 25 100 25 100
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 2) 25 15 15 15 15
Channel Separation
10 kHz f 20 kHz,
Input Referenced
CS −120 −120 −120 −120 −120 dB
Common Mode
Rejection,
RS 10 k
CMR 70 85 65 70 65 70 50 70 50 70 dB
Power Supply
Rejection PSR 65 100 65 100 65 100 50 100 50 100 dB
2. LM224: Tlow = −25°C, Thigh = +85°C
LM324/LM324A: Tlow = 0°C, Thigh = +70°C
LM2902: Tlow = −40°C, Thigh = +105°C
LM2902V & NCV2902: Tlow = −40°C, Thigh = +125°C
NCV2902 is qualified for automotive use.
3. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upp er end of
the common mode voltage range is VCC −1.7 V.
4. Guaranteed by design.
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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4
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5.0 V, VEE = GND, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
LM224 LM324A LM324 LM2902 LM2902V/NCV2902
Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit
Output Voltage
High Limit
(TA = Thigh to Tlow)
(Note 5)
VOH V
VCC = 5.0 V, RL =
2.0 k, TA = 25°C3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5
VCC = 30 V
RL = 2.0 k
26 26 26 22 22
VCC = 30 V
RL = 10 k
27 28 27 28 27 28 23 24 23 24
Output Voltage −
Low Limit,
VCC = 5.0 V,
RL = 10 k,
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 5)
VOL 5.0 20 5.0 20 5.0 20 5.0 100 5.0 100 mV
Output Source Current
(VID = +1.0 V,
VCC = 15 V)
IO +mA
TA = 25°C20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40 20 40
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 5) 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20
Output Sink Current IO mA
(VID = −1.0 V,
VCC = 15 V)
TA = 25°C
10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20
TA = Thigh to Tlow
(Note 5) 5.0 8.0 5.0 8.0 5.0 8.0 5.0 8.0 5.0 8.0
(VID = − 1.0 V,
VO = 200 mV,
TA = 25°C)
12 50 12 50 12 50 A
Output Short Circuit
to Ground
(Note 6)
ISC 40 60 40 60 40 60 40 60 40 60 mA
Power Supply Current
(TA = Thigh to Tlow)
(Note 5)
ICC mA
VCC = 30 V
VO = 0 V, RL = 3.0 1.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
VCC = 5.0 V,
VO = 0 V, RL = 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
5. LM224: Tlow = −25°C, Thigh = +85°C
LM324/LM324A: Tlow = 0°C, Thigh = +70°C
LM2902: Tlow = −40°C, Thigh = +105°C
LM2902V & NCV2902: Tlow = −40°C, Thigh = +125°C
NCV2902 is qualified for automotive use.
6. The input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V. The upp er end of
the common mode voltage range is VCC −1.7 V.
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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5
Figure 1. Representative Circuit Diagram
(One−Fourth of Circuit Shown)
Output
Bias Circuitry
Common to Four
Amplifiers
VCC
VEE/GND
Inputs
Q2
Q3 Q4
Q5
Q26
Q7
Q8
Q6
Q9
Q11
Q10
Q1 2.4 k
Q25
Q22
40 k
Q13
Q14
Q15
Q16
Q19
5.0 pF
Q18
Q17
Q20
Q21
2.0 k
Q24
Q23
Q12
25
+
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The LM324 series is made using four internally
compensated, two−stage operational amplifiers. The first
stage of each consists of differential input devices Q20 and
Q18 with input buffer transistors Q21 and Q17 and the
differential to single ended converter Q3 and Q4. The first
stage performs not only the first stage gain function but also
performs the level shifting and transconductance reduction
functions. By reducing the transconductance, a smaller
compensation capacitor (only 5.0 pF) can be employed, thus
saving chip area. The transconductance reduction is
accomplished by splitting the collectors of Q20 and Q18.
Another feature of this input stage is that the input common
mode range can include the negative supply or ground, in
single supply operation, without saturating either the input
devices or the differential to single−ended converter. The
second stage consists of a standard current source load
amplifier stage.
Figure 2. Large Signal Voltage Follower Response
VCC = 15 Vdc
RL = 2.0 k
TA = 25°C
5.0 s/DIV
1.0 V/DIV
Each amplifier is biased from an internal−voltage
regulator which has a low temperature coefficient thus
giving each amplifier good temperature characteristics as
well as excellent power supply rejection.
Single Supply Split Supplies
VCC
VEE/GND
3.0 V to VCC(max)
1
2
3
4
VCC
1
2
3
4
VEE
1.5 V to VCC(max)
1.5 V to VEE(max)
Figure 3.
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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6
VOR, OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V )
pp
VO, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
14
12
10
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
1.0 10 100 1000
f, FREQUENCY (kHz)
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
00 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
t, TIME (s)
2.4
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6
0.3
00 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35
VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) VCC, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
90
80
70 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20
I , POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
CC
I , INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA)
IB
VCC = 30 V
VEE = GND
TA = 25°C
CL = 50 pF
Input
Output
V , INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
I
18
16
14
12
10
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
20
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20
± VCC/VEE, POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGES (V)
±
Positive
Negative
TA = 25°C
RL =
RL = 2.0 k
VCC = 15 V
VEE = GND
Gain = −100
RI = 1.0 k
RF = 100 k
Figure 4. Input Voltage Range Figure 5. Open Loop Frequency
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
−20
1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
A , LARGE−SIGNAL
VOL
OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
VCC = 15 V
VEE = GND
TA = 25°C
Figure 6. Large−Signal Frequency Response Figure 7. Small−Signal Voltage Follower
Pulse Response (Noninverting)
Figure 8. Power Supply Current versus
Power Supply Voltage Figure 9. Input Bias Current versus
Power Supply Voltage
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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7
2
1
R1
TBP
R1 + R2
R1
R1 + R2
eo
e1
e2
eo = C (1 + a + b) (e2 − e1)
R1 a R1
b R1
R
+
+
+R
+
R1
R2
VO
Vref
Vin
VOH
VO
VOL
VinL = R1 (VOL − Vref) + Vref
VinH =(VOH − Vref) + Vref
H = R1 + R2 (VOH − VOL)
R1
+
+
+
R
C
R2 R1
R3
C1
100 k
R
C
R
C1 R2
100 k
Vin
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
Bandpass
Output
fo =2 RC
R1 = QR
R2 =
R3 = TN R2
C1 = 10C
1
Notch Output
Vref =V
CC
Hysteresis
1
CR
VinL VinH
Vref
Where:TBP=Center Frequency Gain
Where:TN=Passband Notch Gain
R = 160 k
C = 0.001 F
R1 = 1.6 M
R2 = 1.6 M
R3 = 1.6 M
For:fo=1.0 kHz
For:Q= 10
For:TBP= 1
For:TN= 1
+
MC1403
1/4
LM324
+
R1
VCC
VCC
VO
2.5 V
R2
50 k
10 k
Vref
Vref = VCC
2
5.0 k
RC
RC
+
VO
2 RC
1
For: fo = 1.0 kHz
R = 16 k
C = 0.01 F
VO = 2.5 V 1 + R1
R2
1
VCC
fo =
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
1
CR
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324 1/4
LM324 1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
Figure 10. Voltage Reference Figure 11. Wien Bridge Oscillator
Figure 12. High Impedance Differential Amplifier Figure 13. Comparator with Hysteresis
Figure 14. Bi−Quad Filter
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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8
2
1
For less than 10% error from operational amplifier,
If source impedance varies, filter may be preceded with
voltage follower buffer to stabilize filter parameters.
where fo and BW are expressed in Hz.
Qo fo
BW < 0.1
Given:fo=center frequency
A(fo)=gain at center frequency
Choose value fo, C
Then: R3 = Q
fo C
R3
R1 = 2 A(fo)
R1 R3
4Q2 R1 − R3
R2 =
+
+
Vref =V
CC
Vref
f = R1 + RC
4 CRf R1 R3 = R2 R1
R2 + R1
R2
300 k
75 k
R3
R1
100 k
C
Triangle Wave
Output
Square
Wave
Output
Vin
Rf
if
Vref
1/4
LM324
1/4
LM324
Figure 15. Function Generator Figure 16. Multiple Feedback Bandpass Filter
Vref =V
CC
1
2
+
VCC
R3
R1
R2
Vref
CC
V
O
CO = 10 C
CO
1/4
LM324
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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9
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device Operating Temperature Range Package Shipping
LM224D SOIC−14 55 Units/Rail
LM224DR2 SOIC−14 2500 Tape & Reel
LM224DR2G SOIC−14
(Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel
LM224DTB −25°C to +85°CTSSOP−14
(Pb−Free) 96 Units/Rail
LM224DTBR2
5Co 85C
TSSOP−14
(Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel
LM224N PDIP−14 25 Units/Rail
LM224NG PDIP−14
(Pb−Free) 25 Units/Rail
LM324D SOIC−14 55 Units/Rail
LM324DG SOIC−14
(Pb−Free) 55 Units/Rail
LM324DR2 SOIC−14 2500 Tape & Reel
LM324DR2G SOIC−14
(Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel
LM324DTB TSSOP−14 96 Units/Rail
LM324DTBR2 TSSOP−14 2500 Tape & Reel
LM324N PDIP−14 25 Units/Rail
LM324NG
0
°
C to +70
°
C
PDIP−14
(Pb−Free) 25 Units/Rail
LM324AD
0°Ct
o +
70°C
SOIC−14 55 Units/Rail
LM324ADR2 SOIC−14 2500 Tape & Reel
LM324ADR2G SOIC−14
(Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel
LM324ADTB TSSOP−14
(Pb−Free) 96 Units/Rail
LM324ADTBR2 TSSOP−14
(Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel
LM324AN PDIP−14 25 Units/Rail
LM324ANG PDIP−14
(Pb−Free) 25 Units/Rail
LM2902D SOIC−14 55 Units/Rail
LM2902DG SOIC−14
(Pb−Free) 55 Units/Rail
LM2902DR2 SOIC−14 2500 Tape & Reel
LM2902DR2G −40°C to +105°CSOIC−14
(Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel
LM2902DTB
0Co 05C
TSSOP−14
(Pb−Free) 96 Units/Rail
LM2902DTBR2 TSSOP−14
(Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel
LM2902N PDIP−14 25 Units/Rail
LM2902VD SOIC−14 55 Units/Rail
LM2902VDR2 SOIC−14 2500 Tape & Reel
LM2902VDTB
40
°
C to +125
°
C
TSSOP−14
(Pb−Free) 96 Units/Rail
LM2902VDTBR2 40°C to +125°CTSSOP−14
(Pb−Free) 2500 Tape & Reel
LM2902VN PDIP−14 25 Units/Rail
NCV2902DR2 SOIC−14 2500 Tape & Reel
For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging
Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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10
MARKING DIAGRAMS
x = 2 or 3
A = Assembly Location
WL = Wafer Lot
YY, Y = Year
WW, W = Work Week
PDIP−14
N SUFFIX
CASE 646
SOIC−14
D SUFFIX
CASE 751A
1
14
LM324AN
AWLYYWW
1
14
LMx24N
AWLYYWW
1
14
LM2902N
AWLYYWW
1
14
LM2902VN
AWLYYWW
1
14
LM324AD
AWLYWW
1
14
LMx24D
AWLYWW
1
14
LM2902D
AWLYWW
1
14
LM2902VD
AWLYWW
*This marking diagram also applies to NCV2902.
TSSOP−14
DTB SUFFIX
CASE 948G
1
14
x24
AWYW
1
14
324A
AWYW
1
14
2902
AWYW
1
14
2902
V
AWYW
*
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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11
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
17
14 8
B
ADIM MIN MAX MIN MAX
MILLIMETERSINCHES
A0.715 0.770 18.16 18.80
B0.240 0.260 6.10 6.60
C0.145 0.185 3.69 4.69
D0.015 0.021 0.38 0.53
F0.040 0.070 1.02 1.78
G0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC
H0.052 0.095 1.32 2.41
J0.008 0.015 0.20 0.38
K0.115 0.135 2.92 3.43
L
M−−− 10 −−− 10
N0.015 0.039 0.38 1.01

NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS
WHEN FORMED PARALLEL.
4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH.
5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL.
F
HG DK
C
SEATING
PLANE
N
−T−
14 PL
M
0.13 (0.005)
L
M
J0.290 0.310 7.37 7.87
PDIP−14
N SUFFIX
CASE 646−06
ISSUE N
SOIC−14
D SUFFIX
CASE 751A−03
ISSUE G
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ANSI Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE
DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE
DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127
(0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE D
DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL
CONDITION.
−A−
−B−
G
P7 PL
14 8
7
1
M
0.25 (0.010) B M
S
B
M
0.25 (0.010) A S
T
−T−
F
RX 45
SEATING
PLANE D14 PL K
C
J
M
DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX
INCHESMILLIMETERS
A8.55 8.75 0.337 0.344
B3.80 4.00 0.150 0.157
C1.35 1.75 0.054 0.068
D0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019
F0.40 1.25 0.016 0.049
G1.27 BSC 0.050 BSC
J0.19 0.25 0.008 0.009
K0.10 0.25 0.004 0.009
M0 7 0 7
P5.80 6.20 0.228 0.244
R0.25 0.50 0.010 0.019
 
LM324, LM324A, LM224, LM2902, LM2902V, NCV2902
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12
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
TSSOP−14
DTB SUFFIX
CASE 948G−01
ISSUE O
DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX
INCHESMILLIMETERS
A4.90 5.10 0.193 0.200
B4.30 4.50 0.169 0.177
C−−− 1.20 −−− 0.047
D0.05 0.15 0.002 0.006
F0.50 0.75 0.020 0.030
G0.65 BSC 0.026 BSC
H0.50 0.60 0.020 0.024
J0.09 0.20 0.004 0.008
J1 0.09 0.16 0.004 0.006
K0.19 0.30 0.007 0.012
K1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010
L6.40 BSC 0.252 BSC
M0 8 0 8
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSION A DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH,
PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH
OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15
(0.006) PER SIDE.
4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD
FLASH OR PROTRUSION. INTERLEAD FLASH OR
PROTRUSION SHALL NOT EXCEED
0.25 (0.010) PER SIDE.
5. DIMENSION K DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.08 (0.003) TOTAL IN
EXCESS OF THE K DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM
MATERIAL CONDITION.
6. TERMINAL NUMBERS ARE SHOWN FOR
REFERENCE ONLY.
7. DIMENSION A AND B ARE TO BE DETERMINED
AT DATUM PLANE −W−.

S
U0.15 (0.006) T
2X L/2
S
U
M
0.10 (0.004) V S
T
L−U−
SEATING
PLANE
0.10 (0.004)
−T−
ÇÇÇ
ÇÇÇ
SECTION N−N
DETAIL E
JJ1
K
K1
ÉÉ
ÉÉ
DETAIL E
F
M
−W−
0.25 (0.010)
8
14
7
1
PIN 1
IDENT.
H
G
A
D
C
B
S
U0.15 (0.006) T
−V−
14X REFK
N
N
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