![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
P
Po
ow
we
er
rb
bl
lo
ox
xT
TM
M
6
6A
A
2
28
8V
V
6
60
00
0K
KH
Hz
z
S
Sy
yn
nc
ch
hr
ro
on
no
ou
us
s
S
St
te
ep
p
D
Do
ow
wn
n
R
Re
eg
gu
ul
la
at
to
or
r
© 2012 Exar Corporation 7/15 Rev. 2.0.0
THEORY OF OPERATION
GENERAL OVERVIEW
The SP7652 is a fixed frequency, voltage
mode, synchronous PWM regulator optimized
for high efficiency. The part has been designed
to be especially attractive for split plane
applications utilizing 5V to power the controller
and 3V to 20V for step down conversion.
The heart of the SP7652 is a wide bandwidth
transconductance amplifier designed to
accommodate Type II and Type III
compensation schemes. A precision 0.8V
reference, present on the positive terminal of
the error amplifier, permits the programming
of the output voltage down to 0.8V via the VFB
pin. The output of the error amplifier, COMP,
which is compared to a 1.1V peak-to-peak
ramp, is responsible for trailing edge PWM
control. This voltage ramp and PWM control
logic are governed by the internal oscillator
that accurately sets the PWM frequency to
600kHz.
The SP7652 contains two unique control
features that are very powerful in distributed
applications. First, asynchronous driver control
is enabled during start up, to prohibit the low
side NFET from pulling down the output until
the high side NFET has attempted to turn on.
Second, a 100% duty cycle timeout ensures
that the low side NFET is periodically enhanced
during extended periods at 100% duty cycle.
This guarantees the synchronized refreshing of
the BST capacitor during very large duty cycle
ratios.
The SP7652 also contains a number of
valuable protection features. Programmable
UVLO allows the user to set the exact VIN
value at which the conversion voltage can
safely begin down conversion, and an internal
VCC UVLO ensures that the controller itself has
enough voltage to operate properly. Other
protection features include thermal shutdown
and short-circuit detection. In the event that
either a thermal, short-circuit, or UVLO fault is
detected, the SP7652 is forced into an idle
state where the output drivers are held off for
a finite period before a re-start is attempted.
SOFT START
Soft start is achieved when a power converter
ramps up the output voltage while controlling
the magnitude of the input supply source
current. In a modern step down converter,
ramping up the positive terminal of the error
amplifier controls soft start. As a result,
excess source current can be defined as the
current required to charge the output
capacitor.
IVIN = COUT * (ΔVOUT / ΔTSOFT-START)
The SP7652 provides the user with the option
to program the soft start rate by tying a
capacitor from the SS pin to GND. The
selection of this capacitor is based on the
10μA pull up current present at the SS pin and
the 0.8V reference voltage. Therefore, the
excess source can be redefined as:
IVIN = COUT * (ΔVOUT *10μA / (CSS * 0.8V)
UNDER VOLTAGE LOCK OUT (UVLO)
The SP7652 contains two separate UVLO
comparators to monitor the internal bias (VCC)
and conversion (VIN) voltages independently.
The VCC UVLO threshold is internally set to
4.25V, whereas the VIN UVLO threshold is
programmable through the UVIN pin. When
the UVIN pin is greater than 2.5V, the SP7652
is permitted to start up pending the removal of
all other faults. Both the VCC and VIN UVLO
comparators have been designed with
hysteresis to prevent noise from resetting a
fault.
THERMAL AND SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION
Because the SP7652 is designed to drive large
output current, there is a chance that the
power converter will become too hot.
Therefore, an internal thermal shutdown
(145°C) has been included to prevent the IC
from malfunctioning at extreme temperatures.
A short-circuit detection comparator has also
been included in the SP7652 to protect against
an accidental short at the output of the power
converter. This comparator constantly
monitors the positive and negative terminals
of the error amplifier, and if the VFB pin falls
more than 250mV (typical) below the positive