Product Folder Sample & Buy Technical Documents Support & Community Tools & Software LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 LMx24-N, LM2902-N Low-Power, Quad-Operational Amplifiers 1 Features 3 Description * * * The LM124-N series consists of four independent, high-gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers designed to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split-power supplies is also possible and the low-power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage. 1 * * * * * * * * Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain Large DC Voltage Gain 100 dB Wide Bandwidth (Unity Gain) 1 MHz (Temperature Compensated) Wide Power Supply Range: - Single Supply 3 V to 32 V - or Dual Supplies 1.5 V to 16 V Very Low Supply Current Drain (700 A) --Essentially Independent of Supply Voltage Low Input Biasing Current 45 nA (Temperature Compensated) Low Input Offset Voltage 2 mV and Offset Current: 5 nA Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground Differential Input Voltage Range Equal to the Power Supply Voltage Large Output Voltage Swing 0 V to V+ - 1.5 V Advantages: - Eliminates Need for Dual Supplies - Four Internally Compensated Op Amps in a Single Package - Allows Direct Sensing Near GND and VOUT also Goes to GND - Compatible With All Forms of Logic - Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation - In the Linear Mode the Input Common-Mode, Voltage Range Includes Ground and the Output Voltage - Can Swing to Ground, Even Though Operated from Only a Single Power Supply Voltage - Unity Gain Cross Frequency is Temperature Compensated - Input Bias Current is Also Temperature Compensated Application areas include transducer amplifiers, DC gain blocks and all the conventional op amp circuits which now can be more easily implemented in single power supply systems. For example, the LM124-N series can directly operate off of the standard 5-V power supply voltage which is used in digital systems and easily provides the required interface electronics without requiring the additional 15 V power supplies. Device Information(1) PART NUMBER LM124-N LM224-N LM324-N LM2902-N PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM) CDIP (14) 19.56 mm x 6.67 mm CDIP (14) 19.56 mm x 6.67 mm PDIP (14) 19.177 mm x 6.35 mm SOIC (14) 8.65 mm x 3.91 mm TSSOP (14) 5.00 mm x 4.40 mm PDIP (14) 19.177 mm x 6.35 mm SOIC (14) 8.65 mm x 3.91 mm TSSOP (14) 5.00 mm x 4.40 mm (1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the datasheet. Schematic Diagram 2 Applications * * * Transducer Amplifiers DC Gain Blocks Conventional Op Amp Circuits 1 An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA. LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 Features .................................................................. Applications ........................................................... Description ............................................................. Revision History..................................................... Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... Specifications......................................................... 1 1 1 2 3 4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 4 4 4 5 5 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... ESD Ratings.............................................................. Recommended Operating Conditions....................... Thermal Information .................................................. Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A ........ Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324N/2902-N ................................................................... 6.7 Typical Characteristics .............................................. 7 6 8 Detailed Description ............................................ 11 7.1 Overview ................................................................. 11 7.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 11 7.3 Feature Description................................................. 11 7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 11 8 Application and Implementation ........................ 13 8.1 Application Information............................................ 13 8.2 Typical Applications ............................................... 13 9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 23 10 Layout................................................................... 23 10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 23 10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 23 11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 24 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Related Links ........................................................ Trademarks ........................................................... Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ Glossary ................................................................ 24 24 24 24 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information ........................................................... 24 4 Revision History Changes from Revision C (November 2012) to Revision D * 2 Page Added Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section ............................... 1 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 5 Pin Configuration and Functions J Package 14-Pin CDIP Top View D Package 14-Pin SOIC Top View Pin Functions PIN NAME NO. TYPE DESCRIPTION OUTPUT1 1 O Output, Channel 1 INPUT1- 2 I Inverting Input, Channel 1 INPUT1+ 3 I Noninverting Input, Channel 1 V+ 4 P Positive Supply Voltage INPUT2+ 5 I Nonnverting Input, Channel 2 INPUT2- 6 I Inverting Input, Channel 2 OUTPUT2 7 O Output, Channel 2 OUTPUT3 8 O Output, Channel 3 INPUT3- 9 I Inverting Input, Channel 3 INPUT3+ 10 I Noninverting Input, Channel 3 GND 11 P Ground or Negative Supply Voltage INPUT4+ 12 I Noninverting Input, Channel 4 INPUT4- 13 I Inverting Input, Channel 4 OUTPUT4 14 O Output, Channel 4 Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 3 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com 6 Specifications 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings See (1) (2) . LM124-N/LM224-N/LM324-N LM124A/LM224A/LM324A MIN LM2902-N MAX UNIT Supply Voltage, V+ MAX 32 26 V Differential Input Voltage 32 26 V -0.3 Input Voltage 26 V 50 50 mA PDIP 1130 1130 mW CDIP 1260 1260 mW SOIC Package 800 800 mW Output Short-Circuit to GND (One Amplifier) (5) + V 15 V and TA = 25C Continuous Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) Soldering Information (3) (4) (5) Continuous 260 260 C Dual-In-Line Soldering (10 seconds) Package 260 260 C Small Outline Package Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215 215 C Infrared (15 seconds) 220 220 C 150 C Storage temperature, Tstg (1) (2) -0.3 32 Input Current (VIN < -0.3 V) (3) Power Dissipation (4) MIN -65 150 -65 Refer to RETS124AX for LM124A military specifications and refer to RETS124X for LM124-N military specifications. If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. This input current will only exist when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base junction of the input PNP transistors becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input diode clamps. In addition to this diode action, there is also lateral NPN parasitic transistor action on the IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the op amps to go to the V+voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time duration that an input is driven negative. This is not destructive and normal output states will re-establish when the input voltage, which was negative, again returns to a value greater than -0.3 V (at 25C). For operating at high temperatures, the LM324-N/LM324A/LM2902-N must be derated based on a 125C maximum junction temperature and a thermal resistance of 88C/W which applies for the device soldered in a printed circuit board, operating in a still air ambient. The LM224-N/LM224A and LM124-N/LM124A can be derated based on a 150C maximum junction temperature. The dissipation is the total of all four amplifiers--use external resistors, where possible, to allow the amplifier to saturate of to reduce the power which is dissipated in the integrated circuit. Short circuits from the output to V+ can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground, the maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of 15 V, continuous short-circuits can exceed the power dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers. 6.2 ESD Ratings V(ESD) (1) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) VALUE UNIT 250 V JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN MAX Supply Voltage (V+ - V-): LM124-N/LM124A/LM224-N/LM224A/LM324-N/LM324A 3 32 V Supply Voltage (V+ - V-): LM2902-N 3 26 V Operating Input Voltage on Input pins UNIT 0 V+ V Operating junction temperature, TJ: LM124-N/LM124A -55 125 C Operating junction temperature, TJ: L2902-N -40 85 C Operating junction temperature, TJ: LM224-N/LM224A -25 85 C Operating junction temperature, TJ: LM324-N/LM324A 0 70 C 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 6.4 Thermal Information THERMAL METRIC RJA (1) (1) LM124-N / LM224-N LM324-N / LM2902-N J/CDIP D/SOIC 14 PINS 14 PINS 88 88 Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance UNIT C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A V+ = 5.0 V, (1) , unless otherwise stated PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124A MIN LM224A TYP MAX MIN LM324A TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX UNIT Input Offset Voltage TA = 25C (2) 1 2 1 3 2 3 mV Input Bias Current (3) IIN(+) or IIN(-), VCM = 0 V, TA = 25C 20 50 40 80 45 100 nA Input Offset Current IIN(+) or IIN(-), VCM = 0 V, TA = 25C 2 10 2 15 5 30 nA Input Common-Mode Voltage Range (4) V+ = 30 V, (LM2902-N, V+ = 26 V), TA = 25C V+-1.5 V Supply Current Over Full Temperature Range, RL = On All Op Amps V+ = 30 V (LM2902-N V+ = 26 V) V+-1.5 0 1.5 V+-1.5 0 3 1.5 0 3 1.5 3 mA + 0.7 V =5V 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 Large Signal Voltage Gain V+ = 15 V, RL 2 k, (VO = 1 V to 11 V), TA = 25C 50 100 50 100 25 100 V/mV Common-Mode Rejection Ratio DC, VCM = 0 V to V+ - 1.5 V, TA = 25C 70 85 70 85 65 85 dB Power Supply Rejection Ratio V+ = 5 V to 30 V, (LM2902-N, V+ = 5V to 26 V), TA = 25C 65 100 65 100 65 100 dB Amplifier-to-Amplifier Coupling (5) f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, TA = 25C, (Input Referred) -120 dB mA Source Output Current Sink 20 40 20 40 20 40 VIN- = 1 V, VIN+ = 0 V, V+ = 15 V, VO = 2 V, TA = 25C 10 20 10 20 10 20 VIN- = 1 V, VIN+ = 0 V, V+ = 15 V, VO = 200 mV, TA = 25C 12 50 12 50 12 50 V+ = 15 V, TA = 25C (6) Input Offset Voltage See (2) VOS Drift RS = 0 Input Offset Current IIN(+) - IIN(-), VCM = 0 V (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) -120 VIN+ = 1 V, VIN- = 0 V, V+ = 15 V, VO = 2 V, TA = 25C Short Circuit to Ground (1) -120 A 40 60 7 20 40 60 7 20 4 40 60 5 mV 7 30 V/C 75 nA 4 30 30 mA These specifications are limited to -55C TA +125C for the LM124-N/LM124A. With the LM224-N/LM224A, all temperature specifications are limited to -25C TA +85C, the LM324-N/LM324A temperature specifications are limited to 0C TA +70C, and the LM2902-N specifications are limited to -40C TA +85C. VO 1.4V, RS = 0 with V+ from 5 V to 30 V; and over the full input common-mode range (0 V to V+ - 1.5 V) for LM2902-N, V+ from 5 V to 26 V. The direction of the input current is out of the IC due to the PNP input stage. This current is essentially constant, independent of the state of the output so no loading change exists on the input lines. The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V (at 25C). The upper end of the common-mode voltage range is V+ - 1.5 V (at 25C), but either or both inputs can go to 32 V without damage (26 V for LM2902-N), independent of the magnitude of V+. Due to proximity of external components, insure that coupling is not originating via stray capacitance between these external parts. This typically can be detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies. Short circuits from the output to V+ can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground, the maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of 15 V, continuous short-circuits can exceed the power dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers. Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 5 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A (continued) V+ = 5.0 V, (1), unless otherwise stated PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124A MIN LM224A TYP MAX MIN LM324A TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX UNIT IOS Drift RS = 0 10 200 10 200 10 300 pA/C Input Bias Current IIN(+) or IIN(-) 40 100 40 100 40 200 nA V+-2 V Input Common-Mode Voltage Range (4) V = 30 V, (LM2902-N, V+ = 26 V) V+-2 0 V+-2 0 0 + Large Signal Voltage Gain Output Voltage Swing + V = 15 V (VOSwing = 1 V to 11 V), RL 2 k 25 V+ = 30 V (LM2902-N, V+ = 26 V) RL = 2 k 26 VOH RL = 10 k 27 VOL V+ = 5 V, RL = 10 k VIN+ = +1V, VIN- = 0V, V+ = 15V Source Output Current VO = 2 V VIN- = +1V, VIN+ = 0V, V+ = 15V Sink 25 15 26 28 5 V/mV 26 27 28 20 27 5 V 28 20 5 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 15 5 8 5 8 20 mV mA 6.6 Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324-N/2902-N V+ = +5.0V, (1) , unless otherwise stated PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage TEST CONDITIONS LM124-N / LM224-N MIN TA = 25C (2) TYP MAX LM324-N MIN TYP LM2902-N MAX MIN TYP MAX UNIT 2 5 2 7 2 7 mV IIN(+) or IIN(-), VCM = 0 V, TA = 25C 45 150 45 250 45 250 nA Input Offset Current IIN(+) or IIN(-), VCM = 0 V, TA = 25C 3 30 5 50 5 50 nA Input Common-Mode Voltage Range (4) V+ = 30 V, (LM2902-N, V+ = 26V), TA = 25C V+-1. 5 V Supply Current Over Full Temperature Range RL = On All Op Amps, V+ = 30 V (LM2902-N V+ = 26 V) Input Bias Current (3) V+-1. 5 0 1.5 V+-1. 5 0 3 1.5 0 3 1.5 3 mA + 0.7 V =5V 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 Large Signal Voltage Gain V+ = 15V, RL 2 k, (VO = 1 V to 11 V), TA = 25C 50 100 25 100 25 100 V/mV Common-Mode Rejection Ratio DC, VCM = 0 V to V+ - 1.5 V, TA = 25C 70 85 65 85 50 70 dB Power Supply Rejection Ratio V+ = 5 V to 30 V (LM2902-N, V+ = 5 V to 26 V), TA = 25C 65 100 65 100 50 100 dB Amplifier-to-Amplifier Coupling (5) f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, TA = 25C (Input Referred) -120 dB (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 6 -120 -120 These specifications are limited to -55C TA +125C for the LM124-N/LM124A. With the LM224-N/LM224A, all temperature specifications are limited to -25C TA +85C, the LM324-N/LM324A temperature specifications are limited to 0C TA +70C, and the LM2902-N specifications are limited to -40C TA +85C. VO 1.4V, RS = 0 with V+ from 5 V to 30 V; and over the full input common-mode range (0 V to V+ - 1.5 V) for LM2902-N, V+ from 5 V to 26 V. The direction of the input current is out of the IC due to the PNP input stage. This current is essentially constant, independent of the state of the output so no loading change exists on the input lines. The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V (at 25C). The upper end of the common-mode voltage range is V+ - 1.5 V (at 25C), but either or both inputs can go to 32 V without damage (26 V for LM2902-N), independent of the magnitude of V+. Due to proximity of external components, insure that coupling is not originating via stray capacitance between these external parts. This typically can be detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324-N/2902-N (continued) V+ = +5.0V, (1) , unless otherwise stated PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Source Output Current Sink LM124-N / LM224-N MIN TYP VIN+ = 1 V, VIN- = 0 V, V+ = 15 V, VO = 2 V, TA = 25C 20 VIN- = 1 V, VIN+ = 0 V, V+ = 15 V, VO = 2 V, TA = 25C VIN- = 1 V, VIN+ = 0 V, V+ = 15 V, VO = 200 mV, TA = 25C + TYP 40 20 10 20 12 50 Short Circuit to Ground V = 15 V, TA = 25C Input Offset Voltage See VOS Drift RS = 0 Input Offset Current IIN(+) - IIN(-), VCM = 0 V IOS Drift RS = 0 10 Input Bias Current IIN(+) or IIN(-) 40 Input Common-Mode Voltage Range (4) V+ = 30 V, (LM2902-N, V+ = 26 V) 0 Large Signal Voltage Gain V+ = 15 V (VOSwing = 1V to 11V), RL 2 k 25 Output Voltage Swing 40 20 40 mA 10 20 10 20 mA 12 50 12 50 A 60 40 VOL V+ = 5 V, RL = 10 k 26 RL = 10 k 27 VO = 2 V Sink 40 150 40 45 500 15 27 20 200 0 5 23 20 nA 500 nA V+-2 V V/mV 22 28 mV pA/C 15 26 28 40 mA V/C 10 V+-2 0 60 7 10 300 MAX 10 7 V+-2 5 VIN+ VIN- + 60 9 100 RL = 2 k MAX UNIT TYP 7 V+ = 30 V (LM2902-N, V+ = 26 V) LM2902-N MIN 7 Output Current (6) 40 (2) VOH Source LM324-N MIN (6) MAX V 24 5 100 mV = 1 V, = 0 V, V = 15 V 10 20 10 20 10 20 mA VIN- = 1 V, VIN+ = 0 V, V+ = 15 V 5 8 5 8 5 8 mA Short circuits from the output to V+ can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground, the maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of 15 V, continuous short-circuits can exceed the power dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers. Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 7 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com 6.7 Typical Characteristics 8 Figure 1. Input Voltage Range Figure 2. Input Current Figure 3. Supply Current Figure 4. Voltage Gain Figure 5. Open-Loop Frequency Response Figure 6. Common Mode Rejection Ratio Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 Typical Characteristics (continued) Figure 7. Voltage Follower Pulse Response Figure 8. Voltage Follower Pulse Response (Small Signal) Figure 9. Large Signal Frequency Response Figure 10. Output Characteristics Current Sourcing Figure 11. Output Characteristics Current Sinking Figure 12. Current Limiting Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 9 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com Typical Characteristics (continued) Figure 13. Input Current (LM2902-N Only) 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Figure 14. Voltage Gain (LM2902-N Only) Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 7 Detailed Description 7.1 Overview The LM124-N series are op amps which operate with only a single power supply voltage, have true-differential inputs, and remain in the linear mode with an input common-mode voltage of 0 VDC. These amplifiers operate over a wide range of power supply voltage with little change in performance characteristics. At 25C amplifier operation is possible down to a minimum supply voltage of 2.3 VDC. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram 7.3 Feature Description The LM124 provides a compelling balance of performance versus current consumption. The 700 A of supply current draw over the wide operating conditions with a 1-MHz gain-bandwidth and temperature compensated bias currents makes the LM124 an effective solution for large variety of applications. The input offset voltage of 2 mV and offset current of 5 nA, along with the 45n-A bias current across a wide supply voltage means a single design can be used in a large number of different implementations. 7.4 Device Functional Modes Large differential input voltages can be easily accommodated and, as input differential voltage protection diodes are not needed, no large input currents result from large differential input voltages. The differential input voltage may be larger than V+ without damaging the device. Protection should be provided to prevent the input voltages from going negative more than -0.3 VDC (at 25C). An input clamp diode with a resistor to the IC input terminal can be used. To reduce the power supply drain, the amplifiers have a class A output stage for small signal levels which converts to class B in a large signal mode. This allows the amplifiers to both source and sink large output currents. Therefore both NPN and PNP external current boost transistors can be used to extend the power capability of the basic amplifiers. The output voltage needs to raise approximately 1 diode drop above ground to bias the on-chip vertical PNP transistor for output current sinking applications. For ac applications, where the load is capacitively coupled to the output of the amplifier, a resistor should be used, from the output of the amplifier to ground to increase the class A bias current and prevent crossover distortion. Where the load is directly coupled, as in dc applications, there is no crossover distortion. Capacitive loads which are applied directly to the output of the amplifier reduce the loop stability margin. Values of 50 pF can be accommodated using the worst-case non-inverting unity gain connection. Large closed loop gains or resistive isolation should be used if larger load capacitance must be driven by the amplifier. Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 11 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com Device Functional Modes (continued) The bias network of the LM124-N establishes a drain current which is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage over the range of from 3 VDC to 30 VDC. Output short circuits either to ground or to the positive power supply should be of short time duration. Units can be destroyed, not as a result of the short circuit current causing metal fusing, but rather due to the large increase in IC chip dissipation which will cause eventual failure due to excessive junction temperatures. Putting direct short-circuits on more than one amplifier at a time will increase the total IC power dissipation to destructive levels, if not properly protected with external dissipation limiting resistors in series with the output leads of the amplifiers. The larger value of output source current which is available at 25C provides a larger output current capability at elevated temperatures (see Typical Characteristics) than a standard IC op amp. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com 8 SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 Application and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI's customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 8.1 Application Information The LM124 series of amplifiers is specified for operation from 3 V to 32 V (1.5 V to 16 V). Many of the specifications apply from -40C to 125C. Parameters that can exhibit significant variance with regards to operating voltage or temperature are presented in Typical Characteristics. 8.2 Typical Applications Figure 15 emphasizes operation on only a single power supply voltage. If complementary power supplies are available, all of the standard op amp circuits can be used. In general, introducing a pseudo-ground (a bias voltage reference of V+/2) will allow operation above and below this value in single power supply systems. Many application circuits are shown which take advantage of the wide input common-mode voltage range which includes ground. In most cases, input biasing is not required and input voltages which range to ground can easily be accommodated. 8.2.1 Non-Inverting DC Gain (0 V Input = 0 V Output) *R not needed due to temperature independent IIN Figure 15. Non-Inverting Amplifier with G=100 8.2.1.1 Design Requirements For this example application, the required signal gain is a non-inverting 100x5% with a supply voltage of 5 V. 8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure Using the equation for a non-inverting gain configuration, Av = 1+R2/R1. Setting the R1 to 10 k, R2 is 99 times larger than R1, which is 990 k. A 1M is more readily available, and provides a gain of 101, which is within the desired specification. The gain-frequency characteristic of the amplifier and its feedback network must be such that oscillation does not occur. To meet this condition, the phase shift through amplifier and feedback network must never exceed 180 for any frequency where the gain of the amplifier and its feedback network is greater than unity. In practical applications, the phase shift should not approach 180 since this is the situation of conditional stability. Obviously the most critical case occurs when the attenuation of the feedback network is zero. Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 13 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) 8.2.1.3 Application Curve Figure 16. Non-Inverting Amplified Response Curve 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 Typical Applications (continued) 8.2.2 Other Application Circuits at V+ = 5.0 VDC Where: V0 = V1 + V2 - V3 - V4 (V1 + V2) (V3 + V4) to keep VO > 0 VDC Figure 17. DC Summing Amplifier (VIN'S 0 VDC And VO VDC) Where: V0 = 0 VDC for VIN = 0 VDC AV = 10 Figure 18. Power Amplifier fo = 1 kHz Figure 19. LED Driver Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Q = 50 AV = 100 (40 dB) Figure 20. "BI-QUAD" RC Active Bandpass Filter Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 15 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) Figure 21. Fixed Current Sources *(Increase R1 for IL small) 16 Figure 22. Lamp Driver Figure 23. Current Monitor Figure 24. Driving TTL Figure 25. Voltage Follower Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 Typical Applications (continued) Figure 26. Pulse Generator Figure 27. Squarewave Oscillator IO = 1 amp/volt VIN (Increase RE for Io small) Figure 28. Pulse Generator Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 29. High Compliance Current Sink Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 17 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) Figure 30. Low Drift Peak Detector Figure 31. Comparator With Hysteresis *Wide control voltage range: 0 VDC VC 2 (V+ -1.5 VDC) VO = VR Figure 32. Ground Referencing a Differential Input Signal 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Figure 33. Voltage Controlled Oscillator Circuit Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 Typical Applications (continued) Q=1 AV = 2 Figure 34. Photo Voltaic-Cell Amplifier Figure 35. DC Coupled Low-Pass RC Active Filter Figure 36. AC Coupled Inverting Amplifier Figure 37. AC Coupled Non-Inverting Amplifier Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 19 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) Figure 38. High Input Z, DC Differential Amplifier Figure 39. High Input Z Adjustable-Gain DC Instrumentation Amplifier 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 Typical Applications (continued) Figure 40. Bridge Current Amplifier Figure 41. Using Symmetrical Amplifiers to Reduce Input Current (General Concept) Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 21 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) fO = 1 kHz Q = 25 Figure 42. Bandpass Active Filter 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N www.ti.com SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 9 Power Supply Recommendations The pinouts of the package have been designed to simplify PC board layouts. Inverting inputs are adjacent to outputs for all of the amplifiers and the outputs have also been placed at the corners of the package (pins 1, 7, 8, and 14). Precautions should be taken to insure that the power supply for the integrated circuit never becomes reversed in polarity or that the unit is not inadvertently installed backwards in a test socket as an unlimited current surge through the resulting forward diode within the IC could cause fusing of the internal conductors and result in a destroyed unit. 10 Layout 10.1 Layout Guidelines The V + pin should be bypassed to ground with a low-ESR capacitor. The optimum placement is closest to the V + and ground pins. Take care to minimize the loop area formed by the bypass capacitor connection between V + and ground. The ground pin should be connected to the PCB ground plane at the pin of the device. The feedback components should be placed as close to the device as possible minimizing strays. 10.2 Layout Example 2 N VI V+ V+ V+ V+ VO2 2 V+ V+ 2 VO VO V+ 1 VO2 VO2 1 VO 2 V+ 2 V+ 2 VO V+ IN-B 2 IN+A 10 : IN-C 5 : IN+A 9 : IN+D IN-B 1 IN+B 1 VO2 2 IN+D 1 VO2 VO2 2 IN+D 1 GND GND 2 V+ VIN2 1 VIN2 2 IN-C 1 GND GND 2 IN+B 2 V+ 1 GND GND V+ V+ 2 IN-C 2 VO 8 : IN-D 1 IN+D V+ 2 V+ 1 IN-C VO2 IN-D IN+B V+ GND 2 IN+B -D 1 VO VO 2 IN+C IN-C IN VO N IN-C 6 : IN-B 7 : IN+B VO V+ IN -C 1 GND 1 VO GND GND IN-C IN-D IN-A 2 V+ VO2 2 IN-A 1 IN+C V+ IN-A 11 : IN+C GND IN-A 2 IN-A 1 IN+A V+ 1 VIN 2 V+ 12 : GND 3 : V+ 4 : IN-A 2 GND GND IN -C V+ VIN VO V+ IN-A 1 IN-D IN-D -D V+ V+ 13 : IN-D 2 : IN-B IN 1 IN-A V+ 1 V+ V+ V+ IN-D IN-B -B 2 V+ 2 V+ N+C V+ 2 GND D IN 2 GND V+ 1 IN-D IN-C 14 : VO2 IN-C VO2 1 : VO VO2 VO 1 IN-B IN-B IN-B VO VO 1 IN-B V+ V+ V+ Figure 43. Layout Example Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N 23 LM124-N, LM224-N LM2902-N, LM324-N SNOSC16D - MARCH 2000 - REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com 11 Device and Documentation Support 11.1 Related Links The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy. Table 1. Related Links PARTS PRODUCT FOLDER SAMPLE & BUY TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS TOOLS & SOFTWARE SUPPORT & COMMUNITY LM124-N Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here LM224-N Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here LM2902-N Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here LM324-N Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here 11.2 Trademarks All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. 11.4 Glossary SLYZ022 -- TI Glossary. This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions. 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation. 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright (c) 2000-2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 19-Jan-2015 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (2) (6) (3) Op Temp (C) Device Marking (4/5) LM124AJ/PB ACTIVE CDIP J 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI LM124AJ LM124J/PB ACTIVE CDIP J 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI LM124J LM224J ACTIVE CDIP J 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI -25 to 85 LM224J LM2902M NRND SOIC D 14 55 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LM2902M LM2902M/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 55 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM2902M LM2902MT NRND TSSOP PW 14 94 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LM290 2MT LM2902MT/NOPB ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 94 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM290 2MT LM2902MTX/NOPB ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM290 2MT LM2902MX NRND SOIC D 14 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI -40 to 85 LM2902M LM2902MX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM2902M LM2902N/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP NFF 14 25 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 85 LM2902N LM2902N/PB LIFEBUY PDIP NFF 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI LM324AM NRND SOIC D 14 55 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324AM LM324AM/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 55 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324AM LM324AMX NRND SOIC D 14 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324AM LM324AMX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324AM LM324AN/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP NFF 14 25 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324AN LM324AN/PB LIFEBUY PDIP NFF 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI LM324J ACTIVE CDIP J 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324J LM324M NRND SOIC D 14 55 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324M LM324M/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 55 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324M Addendum-Page 1 LM2902N LM324AN Samples PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 19-Jan-2015 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (2) (6) (3) Op Temp (C) Device Marking (4/5) LM324MT/NOPB ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 94 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324 MT LM324MTX NRND TSSOP PW 14 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324 MT LM324MTX/NOPB ACTIVE TSSOP PW 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324 MT LM324MX NRND SOIC D 14 2500 TBD Call TI Call TI 0 to 70 LM324M LM324MX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324M LM324N/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP NFF 14 25 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-NA-UNLIM 0 to 70 LM324N LM324N/PB LIFEBUY PDIP NFF 14 25 TBD Call TI Call TI LM324N (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device. Addendum-Page 2 Samples PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 19-Jan-2015 (6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. Addendum-Page 3 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 19-Jan-2015 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant LM2902MTX/NOPB TSSOP PW 14 2500 330.0 12.4 6.95 8.3 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 LM2902MX SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1 LM2902MX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1 LM324AMX SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1 LM324AMX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1 LM324MTX TSSOP PW 14 2500 330.0 12.4 6.95 8.3 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 LM324MTX/NOPB TSSOP PW 14 2500 330.0 12.4 6.95 8.3 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 LM324MX SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1 LM324MX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 9.35 2.3 8.0 16.0 Q1 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 19-Jan-2015 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) LM2902MTX/NOPB TSSOP PW 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM2902MX SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM2902MX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM324AMX SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM324AMX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM324MTX TSSOP PW 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM324MTX/NOPB TSSOP PW 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM324MX SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 LM324MX/NOPB SOIC D 14 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA NFF0014A N0014A N14A (Rev G) www.ti.com IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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