MCP4801/4811/4821 8/10/12-Bit Voltage Output Digital-to-Analog Converter with Internal VREF and SPI Interface Features Description * * * * * * The MCP4801/4811/4821 devices are single channel 8-bit, 10-bit and 12-bit buffered voltage output Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs), respectively. The devices operate from a single 2.7V to 5.5V supply with an SPI compatible Serial Peripheral Interface. The devices have a high precision internal voltage reference (VREF = 2.048V). The user can configure the full-scale range of the device to be 2.048V or 4.096V by setting the Gain Selection Option bit (gain of 1 of 2). The devices can be operated in Active or Shutdown mode by setting a Configuration register bit or using the SHDN pin. In Shutdown mode, most of the internal circuits, including the output amplifier, are turned off for power savings, while the amplifier output (VOUT) stage is configured to present a known high resistance output load (500 k typical. The devices include double-buffered registers, allowing a synchronous update of the DAC output using the LDAC pin. These devices also incorporate a Power-on Reset (POR) circuit to ensure reliable powerup. The devices utilize a resistive string architecture, with its inherent advantages of low DNL error, low ratio metric temperature coefficient and fast settling time. These devices are specified over the extended temperature range (+125C). The devices provide high accuracy and low noise performance for consumer and industrial applications where calibration or compensation of signals (such as temperature, pressure and humidity) are required. The MCP4801/4811/4821 devices are available in the PDIP, SOIC, MSOP and DFN packages. * * * * * * MCP4801: 8-Bit Voltage Output DAC MCP4811: 10-Bit Voltage Output DAC MCP4821: 12-Bit Voltage Output DAC Rail-to-Rail Output SPI Interface with 20 MHz Clock Support Simultaneous Latching of the DAC Output with LDAC Pin Fast Settling Time of 4.5 s Selectable Unity or 2x Gain Output 2.048V Internal Voltage Reference 50 ppm/C VREF Temperature Coefficient 2.7V to 5.5V Single-Supply Operation Extended Temperature Range: -40C to +125C Applications * * * * * Set Point or Offset Trimming Sensor Calibration Precision Selectable Voltage Reference Portable Instrumentation (Battery-Powered) Calibration of Optical Communication Devices Related Products(1) P/N DAC Resolution No. of Channel MCP4801 8 1 MCP4811 10 1 MCP4821 12 1 MCP4802 8 2 MCP4812 10 2 MCP4822 12 2 MCP4901 8 1 MCP4911 10 1 MCP4921 12 1 MCP4902 8 2 MCP4912 10 2 MCP4922 12 2 Voltage Reference (VREF) Internal (2.048V) External Note 1: The products listed here have similar AC/DC performances. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 1 MCP4801/4811/4821 Package Types DFN (2x3)* VDD 1 CS 2 SCK 3 SDI 4 MCP48X1 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP 8 VOUT VDD 1 CS 2 7 VSS 6 SHDN SCK 3 5 LDAC SDI 4 8 VOUT 9 7 VSS 6 SHDN 5 LDAC MCP4801: 8-bit single DAC MCP4811: 10-bit single DAC MCP4821: 12-bit single DAC * Includes Exposed Thermal Pad (EP); see Table 3-1. Block Diagram LDAC CS SDI SCK Interface Logic Power-on Reset Input Register DAC Register VDD VSS VREF (2.048V) String DAC Gain Logic Output Op Amp Output Logic SHDN DS22244B-page 2 VOUT 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Notice: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute Maximum Ratings VDD ............................................................................................................. 6.5V All inputs and outputs .....................VSS - 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Current at Input Pins ....................................................2 mA Current at Supply Pins ...............................................50 mA Current at Output Pins ...............................................25 mA Storage temperature .....................................-65C to +150C Ambient temp. with power applied ................-55C to +125C ESD protection on all pins 4 kV (HBM), 400V (MM) Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ) . .........................+150C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Output Buffer Gain (G) = 2x, RL = 5 k to GND, CL = 100 pF, TA = -40 to +85C. Typical values are at +25C. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Operating Voltage VDD 2.7 -- 5.5 Operating Current IDD -- 330 400 A All digital inputs are grounded, analog output (VOUT) is unloaded. Code = 000h Hardware Shutdown Current ISHDN -- 0.3 2 A POR circuit is turned off Software Shutdown Current ISHDN_SW -- VPOR -- 3.3 6 A POR circuit remains turned on 2.0 -- V n 8 -- -- Bits Power Requirements Power-on Reset Threshold DC Accuracy MCP4801 Resolution INL Error INL -1 0.125 1 LSb DNL DNL -0.5 0.1 +0.5 LSb n 10 -- -- Bits Note 1 MCP4811 Resolution INL Error INL -3.5 0.5 3.5 LSb DNL DNL -0.5 0.1 +0.5 LSb Note 1 MCP4821 Resolution n 12 -- -- Bits INL Error INL -12 2 12 LSb DNL DNL -0.75 0.2 +0.75 LSb Offset Error Offset Error Temperature Coefficient Gain Error Gain Error Temperature Coefficient Note 1: 2: VOS VOS/C -1 0.02 1 -- 0.16 -- -- -0.44 -- gE -2 -0.10 2 G/C -- -3 -- Note 1 % of FSR Code = 0x000h ppm/C -45C to +25C ppm/C +25C to +85C % of FSR Code = 0xFFFh, not including offset error ppm/C Guaranteed monotonic by design over all codes. This parameter is ensured by design, and not 100% tested. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 3 MCP4801/4811/4821 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Output Buffer Gain (G) = 2x, RL = 5 k to GND, CL = 100 pF, TA = -40 to +85C. Typical values are at +25C. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions 2.008 2.048 2.088 V -- 125 325 ppm/C -- 0.25 0.65 LSb/C -40C to 0C -- 45 160 ppm/C 0C to +85C 0C to +85C Internal Voltage Reference (VREF) Internal Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Note 2) VREF VREF/C VOUT when G = 1x and Code = 0xFFFh -40C to 0C -- 0.09 0.32 LSb/C ENREF (0.1-10 Hz) -- 290 -- Vp-p Code = 0xFFFh, G = 1x eNREF (1 kHz) -- 1.2 -- V/Hz Code = 0xFFFh, G = 1x eNREF (10 kHz) -- 1.0 -- V/Hz Code = 0xFFFh, G = 1x fCORNER -- 400 -- Hz Output Swing VOUT -- 0.01 to VDD - 0.04 -- V Phase Margin PM -- 66 -- Slew Rate SR -- 0.55 -- V/s ISC -- 15 24 mA tSETTLING -- 4.5 -- s Within 1/2 LSb of final value from 1/4 to 3/4 full-scale range Major Code Transition Glitch -- 45 -- nV-s 1 LSb change around major carry (0111...1111 to 1000...0000) Digital Feedthrough -- <10 -- nV-s Output Noise (VREF Noise) Output Noise Density 1/f Corner Frequency Output Amplifier Short Circuit Current Settling Time Accuracy is better than 1 LSb for VOUT = 10 mV to (VDD - 40 mV) Degree () CL = 400 pF, RL = Dynamic Performance (Note 2) Note 1: 2: Guaranteed monotonic by design over all codes. This parameter is ensured by design, and not 100% tested. DS22244B-page 4 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC WITH EXTENDED TEMPERATURE Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Output Buffer Gain (G) = 2x, RL = 5 k to GND, CL = 100 pF. Typical values are at +125C by characterization or simulation. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max VDD Units Conditions 2.7 -- 5.5 IDD -- 350 -- A All digital inputs are grounded, analog output (VOUT) is unloaded. Code = 000h ISHDN -- 1.5 -- A POR circuit is turned off ISHDN_SW -- VPOR -- 5 -- A POR circuit remains turned on 1.85 -- V Power Requirements Operating Voltage Operating Current Hardware Shutdown Current Software Shutdown Current Power-on Reset threshold DC Accuracy MCP4801 Resolution n 8 -- -- Bits INL Error INL -- 0.25 -- LSb DNL DNL -- 0.2 -- LSb Note 1 MCP4811 Resolution n 10 -- -- Bits INL Error INL -- 1 -- LSb DNL DNL -- 0.2 -- LSb Note 1 MCP4821 Resolution n 12 -- -- Bits INL Error INL -- 4 -- LSb DNL DNL -- 0.25 -- VOS -- 0.02 -- VOS/C -- -5 -- gE -- -0.10 -- G/C -- -3 -- ppm/C VREF -- 2.048 -- V VREF/C -- 125 -- ppm/C -40C to 0C -- 0.25 -- LSb/C -40C to 0C -- 45 -- ppm/C 0C to +85C Offset Error Offset Error Temperature Coefficient Gain Error Gain Error Temperature Coefficient LSb Note 1 % of FSR Code = 0x000h ppm/C +25C to +125C % of FSR Code = 0xFFFh, not including offset error Internal Voltage Reference (VREF) Internal Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Note 2) Output Noise (VREF Noise) -- 0.09 -- LSb/C ENREF (0.1 - 10 Hz) -- 290 -- Vp-p Code = 0xFFFh, G = 1x eNREF (1 kHz) -- 1.2 -- V/Hz Code = 0xFFFh, G = 1x eNREF (10 kHz) -- 1.0 -- V/Hz Code = 0xFFFh, G = 1x fCORNER -- 400 -- Hz Output Noise Density 1/f Corner Frequency Note 1: 2: VOUT when G = 1x and Code = 0xFFFh 0C to +85C Guaranteed monotonic by design over all codes. This parameter is ensured by design, and not 100% tested. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 5 MCP4801/4811/4821 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC WITH EXTENDED TEMPERATURE (CONTINUED) Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Output Buffer Gain (G) = 2x, RL = 5 k to GND, CL = 100 pF. Typical values are at +125C by characterization or simulation. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Output Swing VOUT -- 0.01 to VDD - 0.04 -- V Phase Margin PM -- 66 -- Conditions Output Amplifier Accuracy is better than 1 LSb for VOUT = 10 mV to (VDD - 40 mV) Degree () CL = 400 pF, RL = Slew Rate SR -- 0.55 -- V/s Short Circuit Current ISC -- 17 -- mA tSETTLING -- 4.5 -- s Major Code Transition Glitch -- 45 -- nV-s Digital Feedthrough -- <10 -- nV-s Settling Time Within 1/2 LSb of final value from 1/4 to 3/4 full-scale range Dynamic Performance (Note 2) Note 1: 2: 1 LSb change around major carry (0111...1111 to 1000...0000) Guaranteed monotonic by design over all codes. This parameter is ensured by design, and not 100% tested. AC CHARACTERISTICS (SPI TIMING SPECIFICATIONS) Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD= 2.7V - 5.5V, TA= -40 to +125C. Typical values are at +25C. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Schmitt Trigger High-Level Input Voltage (All digital input pins) VIH 0.7 V -- -- V Schmitt Trigger Low-Level Input Voltage (All digital input pins) VIL -- -- 0.2 VDD V VHYS -- 0.05 VDD -- Input Leakage Current ILEAKAGE -1 -- 1 A SHDN = LDAC = CS = SDI = SCK = VDD or VSS Digital Pin Capacitance (All inputs/outputs) CIN, COUT -- 10 -- pF VDD = 5.0V, TA = +25C, fCLK = 1 MHz (Note 1) Clock Frequency FCLK -- -- 20 MHz Clock High Time tHI 15 -- -- ns Note 1 Clock Low Time tLO 15 -- -- ns Note 1 tCSSR 40 -- -- ns Applies only when CS falls with CLK high. (Note 1) Data Input Setup Time tSU 15 -- -- ns Note 1 Data Input Hold Time tHD 10 -- -- ns Note 1 SCK Rise to CS Rise Hold Time tCHS 15 -- -- ns Note 1 CS High Time tCSH 15 -- -- ns Note 1 LDAC Pulse Width tLD 100 -- -- ns Note 1 LDAC Setup Time tLS 40 -- -- ns Note 1 tIDLE 40 -- -- ns Note 1 Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger Inputs CS Fall to First Rising CLK Edge SCK Idle Time before CS Fall Note 1: Conditions DD TA = +25C (Note 1) This parameter is ensured by design and not 100% tested. DS22244B-page 6 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 tCSH CS tIDLE tCSSR Mode 1,1 tHI tLO tCHS SCK Mode 0,0 tSU tHD SDI MSb in LSb in LDAC tLS FIGURE 1-1: tLD SPI Input Timing Data. TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = +2.7V to +5.5V, VSS = GND. Parameters Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Temperature Ranges Specified Temperature Range TA -40 -- +125 C Operating Temperature Range TA -40 -- +125 C Storage Temperature Range TA -65 -- +150 C Note 1 Thermal Package Resistances Thermal Resistance, 8L-DFN (2x3) JA -- 68 -- C/W Thermal Resistance, 8L-MSOP JA -- 211 -- C/W Thermal Resistance, 8L-PDIP JA -- 90 -- C/W Thermal Resistance, 8L-SOIC JA -- 150 -- C/W Note 1: The MCP4801/4811/4821 devices operate over this extended temperature range, but with reduced performance. Operation in this range must not cause TJ to exceed the maximum junction temperature of +150C. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 7 MCP4801/4811/4821 2.0 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Gain = 2, RL = 5 k, CL = 100 pF. 0.3 0.2 INL (LSB) DNL (LSB) 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0 1024 2048 3072 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 Ambient Temperature 125C 4096 0 1024 DNL vs. Code (MCP4821). 2.5 Absolute INL (LSB) 0.1 DNL (LSB) 4096 FIGURE 2-4: INL vs. Code and Temperature (MCP4821). 0.2 0 -0.1 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.2 0 1024 2048 3072 Code (Decimal) -40 4096 125C 85C -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ambient Temperature (C) 25C FIGURE 2-2: DNL vs. Code and Temperature (MCP4821). FIGURE 2-5: Absolute INL vs. Temperature (MCP4821). 2 0.0766 0.0764 0 0.0762 INL (LSB) Absolute DNL (LSB) 3072 25 Code (Decimal) Code (Decimal) FIGURE 2-1: 2048 85 0.076 0.0758 0.0756 -2 -4 0.0754 0.0752 -6 0.075 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 120 1024 DS22244B-page 8 3072 4096 Code (Decimal) Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-3: Absolute DNL vs. Temperature (MCP4821). 2048 FIGURE 2-6: Note: INL vs. Code (MCP4821). Single device graph for illustration of 64 code effect. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Gain = 2, RL = 5 k, CL = 100 pF. 0.3 0.6 o - 40 C 0.4 0.1 INL (LSB) DNL (LSB) - 40oC 0.5 0.2 0 -0.1 o 85 C 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 125oC -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0 128 256 384 512 640 768 25oC -0.2 +25oC to +125oC 0 896 1024 32 64 96 FIGURE 2-7: DNL vs. Code and Temperature (MCP4811). INL (LSB) Full Scale VOUT (V) 1 85oC 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 25oC -2 o - 40 C -2.5 o 125 C -3 0 128 256 384 512 640 768 2.050 2.049 2.048 2.047 2.046 2.045 2.044 2.043 2.042 2.041 2.040 192 224 256 VDD: 4V VDD: 3V VDD: 2.7V -40 896 1024 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ambient Temperature (C) Code FIGURE 2-8: INL vs. Code and Temperature (MCP4811). 0.15 160 FIGURE 2-10: INL vs. Code and Temperature (MCP4801). 1.5 0.5 128 Code Code o FIGURE 2-11: Full-Scale VOUT vs. Ambient Temperature and VDD. Gain = 1x. 4.100 o DNL (LSB) 0.1 0.05 0 34 -0.05 -0.1 Full Scale VOUT (V) Temperature: - 40 C to +125 C 4.096 4.092 VDD: 5.5V 4.088 VDD: 5V 4.084 4.080 -0.15 4.076 0 32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 Code FIGURE 2-9: DNL vs. Code and Temperature (MCP4801). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-12: Full-Scale VOUT vs. Ambient Temperature and VDD. Gain = 2x. DS22244B-page 9 MCP4801/4811/4821 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Gain = 2, RL = 5 k, CL = 100 pF. 10 1E+1 100 1E+2 1k 1E+3 10k 1E+4 FIGURE 2-16: 320 315 310 305 300 IDD Histogram (VDD = 2.7V). 18 1.E-02 10.0 Output Noise Voltage (mV) 16 Occurrence 14 Eni (in VP-P) 0.10 1.E-04 12 10 8 6 4 Eni (in VRMS) 2 FIGURE 2-14: Output Noise Voltage (VREF Noise Voltage) vs. Bandwidth. Gain = 2x. 340 FIGURE 2-17: 350 345 340 335 >350 IDD (A) 330 325 320 315 310 1M 1E+6 305 10k 100k 1E+4 1E+5 Bandwidth (Hz) 300 1k 1E+3 0 295 0.01 1.E-05 100 1E+2 290 Maximum Measurement Time = 10s 285 1.E-03 1.00 IDD Histogram (VDD = 5.0V). 5.5V 5.0V 4.0V 3.0V 2.7V VDD 320 300 IDD (A) 295 IDD (A) Frequency (Hz) FIGURE 2-13: Output Noise Voltage Density (VREF Noise Density) vs. Frequency. Gain = 1x. 290 285 100k 1E+5 >320 1 1E+0 280 0.1 1.E-07 0.1 1E-1 265 1 1.E-06 275 1.E-05 10 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 270 Occurrence Output Noise Voltage Density (V/Hz) 100 1.E-04 280 260 240 220 200 180 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-15: DS22244B-page 10 IDD vs. Temperature and VDD. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Gain = 2, RL = 5 k, CL = 100 pF. 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.1 VDD -0.15 Gain Error (%) 4.0V 3.0V 2.7V VDD 0.5 ISHDN (A) -0.05 5.5V 5.0V 0.6 5.5V 5.0V 4.0V 3.0V 2.7V -0.2 -0.25 -0.3 -0.35 -0.4 0.1 -0.45 -0.5 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -40 120 -20 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-18: Hardware Shutdown Current vs. Temperature and VDD. 4 20 40 60 80 100 120 5.0V 3 4.0V 2.5 3.0V 2.7V 2 V DD 1.5 Gain Error vs. Temperature VDD 4 5.5V 3.5 VIN Hi Threshold (V) ISHDN_SW (A) FIGURE 2-21: and VDD. 5.5V 3.5 1 5.0V 3 4.0V 2.5 2 3.0V 2.7V 1.5 1 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 -40 -20 Ambient Temperature (C) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-19: Software Shutdown Current vs. Temperature and VDD. FIGURE 2-22: VIN High Threshold vs. Temperature and VDD. 1.6 0.09 0.07 0.05 5.5V 0.03 VDD 0.01 5.0V 4.0V 3.0V 2.7V -0.01 -0.03 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-20: and VDD. Offset Error vs. Temperature 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. VIN Low Threshold (V) 0.11 Offset Error (%) 0 Ambient Temperature (C) VDD 1.5 5.5V 1.4 5.0V 1.3 1.2 4.0V 1.1 1 3.0V 2.7V 0.9 0.8 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-23: VIN Low Threshold vs. Temperature and VDD. DS22244B-page 11 MCP4801/4811/4821 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Gain = 2, RL = 5 k, CL = 100 pF. 16 2.5 5.5V 2 5.0V 1.75 1.5 4.0V 1.25 1 3.0V 2.7V 0.75 0.5 15 IOUT_HI_SHORTED (mA) VIN_SPI Hysteresis (V) 5.5V 5.0V 4.0V 3.0V 2.7V VDD 2.25 14 VDD 13 12 11 0.25 10 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -40 100 120 -20 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-24: Input Hysteresis vs. Temperature and VDD. 40 60 80 100 120 6.0 4.0V 0.033 0.031 5.0 0.029 4.0 VREF = 4.096V 0.027 0.025 3.0V 0.023 2.7V 0.021 VDD 0.019 VOUT (V) VOUT_HI Limit (VDD-Y)(V) 20 FIGURE 2-27: IOUT High Short vs. Temperature and VDD. 0.035 Output Shorted to VDD 3.0 2.0 1.0 Output Shorted to VSS 0.017 0.0 0.015 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 100 120 2 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-25: VOUT High Limit vs.Temperature and VDD. 0.0028 VOUT_LOW Limit (Y-AVSS)(V) 0 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-28: 4 6 8 10 IOUT (mA) 12 14 16 IOUT vs. VOUT. Gain = 2x. VDD 0.0026 0.0024 5.5V 0.0022 5.0V 0.0020 4.0V 3.0V 2.7V 0.0018 0.0016 0.0014 0.0012 0.0010 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-26: VOUT Low Limit vs. Temperature and VDD. DS22244B-page 12 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 Note: Unless otherwise indicated, TA = +25C, VDD = 5V, VSS = 0V, VREF = 2.048V, Gain = 2, RL = 5 k, CL = 100 pF. VOUT VOUT SCK LDAC LDAC Time (1 s/div) FIGURE 2-29: VOUT Rise Time. Time (1 s/div) FIGURE 2-32: VOUT Rise Time. VOUT VOUT SCK SCK LDAC LDAC Time (1 s/div) VOUT Fall Time. FIGURE 2-33: Shutdown. VOUT Rise Time Exit Ripple Rejection (dB) FIGURE 2-30: Time (1 s/div) VOUT SCK LDAC Time (1 s/div) FIGURE 2-31: VOUT Rise Time. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Frequency (Hz) FIGURE 2-34: PSRR vs. Frequency. DS22244B-page 13 MCP4801/4811/4821 NOTES: DS22244B-page 14 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 3.0 PIN DESCRIPTIONS The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 3-1. TABLE 3-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE FOR MCP4801/4811/4821 MCP4801/4811/4821 Symbol MSOP, PDIP, SOIC, DFN DFN 1 1 3.1 Description VDD Supply Voltage Input (2.7V to 5.5V) 2 2 CS Chip Select Input 3 3 SCK Serial Clock Input 4 4 SDI 5 5 LDAC DAC Output Synchronization Input. This pin is used to transfer the input register (DAC settings) to the output register (VOUT) 6 6 SHDN Hardware Shutdown Input 7 7 VSS 8 8 VOUT -- 9 EP Serial Data Input Ground reference point for all circuitry on the device DAC Analog Output Exposed thermal pad. This pad must be connected to VSS in application Supply Voltage Pins (VDD, VSS) VDD is the positive supply voltage input pin. The input supply voltage is relative to VSS and can range from 2.7V to 5.5V. The power supply at the VDD pin should be as clean as possible for good DAC performance. Using an appropriate bypass capacitor of about 0.1 F (ceramic) to ground is recommended. An additional 10 F capacitor (tantalum) in parallel is also recommended to further attenuate high-frequency noise present in application boards. VSS is the analog ground pin and the current return path of the device. The user must connect the VSS pin to a ground plane through a low-impedance connection. If an analog ground path is available in the application Printed Circuit Board (PCB), it is highly recommended that the VSS pin be tied to the analog ground path or isolated within an analog ground plane of the circuit board. 3.2 Chip Select (CS) CS is the Chip Select input pin, which requires an active low to enable serial clock and data functions. 3.3 Serial Clock Input (SCK) 3.4 Serial Data Input (SDI) SDI is the SPI compatible serial data input pin. 3.5 Latch DAC Input (LDAC) LDAC (latch DAC synchronization input) pin is used to transfer the input latch register to the DAC register (output latches, VOUT). When this pin is low, VOUT is updated with input register content. This pin can be tied to low (VSS) if the VOUT update is desired at the rising edge of the CS pin. This pin can be driven by an external control device such as an MCU I/O pin. 3.6 Analog Output (VOUT) VOUT is the DAC analog output pin. The DAC output has an output amplifier. The full-scale range of the DAC output is from VSS to G*VREF, where G is the gain selection option (1x or 2x). The DAC analog output cannot go higher than the supply voltage (VDD). 3.7 Exposed Thermal Pad (EP) There is an internal electrical connection between the exposed thermal pad (EP) and the VSS pin. They must be connected to the same potential on the PCB. SCK is the SPI compatible serial clock input pin. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 15 MCP4801/4811/4821 NOTES: DS22244B-page 16 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 4.0 GENERAL OVERVIEW The MCP4801, MCP4811 and MCP4821 are single channel voltage-output 8-bit, 10-bit and 12-bit DAC devices, respectively. These devices include rail-to-rail output amplifier, internal voltage reference, shutdown and reset-management circuitry. The devices use an SPI serial communication interface and operate with a single supply voltage from 2.7V to 5.5V. The DAC input coding of these devices is straight binary. Equation 4-1 shows the DAC analog output voltage calculation. EQUATION 4-1: V OUT ANALOG OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VOUT) 2.048V Dn = ----------------------------------G n 2 Where: 2.048V = Internal voltage reference Dn = DAC input code G n = Gain selection = 2 for <GA> bit = 0 = 1 for <GA> bit = 1 = DAC Resolution = 8 for MCP4801 = 10 for MCP4811 = 12 for MCP4821 1 LSb is the ideal voltage difference between two successive codes. Table 4-1 illustrates the LSb calculation of each device. TABLE 4-1: MCP4801 (n = 8) MCP4811 (n = 10) MCP4821 (n = 12) (a) 0.0V to 255/256 * 2.048V when gain setting = 1x. 1x 2x 1x 2x 1x 2x LSb Size 2.048V/256 = 8 mV 4.096V/256 = 16 mV 2.048V/1024 = 2 mV 4.096V/1024 = 4 mV 2.048V/4096 = 0.5 mV 4.096V/4096 = 1 mV INL ACCURACY Integral Non-Linearity (INL) error is the maximum deviation between an actual code transition point and its corresponding ideal transition point once offset and gain errors have been removed. The two endpoints method (from 0x000 to 0xFFF) is used for the calculation. Figure 4-1 shows the details. A positive INL error represents transition(s) later than ideal. A negative INL error represents transition(s) earlier than ideal. INL < 0 111 110 Actual Transfer Function 101 The ideal output range of each device is: * MCP4801 (n = 8) Gain Selection Device 4.0.1 LSb OF EACH DEVICE Digital Input Code 100 011 Ideal Transfer Function (b) 0.0V to 255/256 * 4.096V when gain setting = 2x. * MCP4811 (n = 10) 010 (a) 0.0V to 1023/1024 * 2.048V when gain setting = 1x. 001 (b) 0.0V to 1023/1024 * 4.096V when gain setting = 2x. * MCP4821 (n = 12) 000 INL < 0 (a) 0.0V to 4095/4096 * 2.048V when gain setting = 1x. DAC Output (b) 0.0V to 4095/4096 * 4.096V when gain setting = 2x. Note: See the output swing voltage specification in Section 1.0 "Electrical Characteristics". 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 4-1: Example for INL Error. DS22244B-page 17 MCP4801/4811/4821 4.0.2 DNL ACCURACY 4.1 A Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) error is the measure of the variations in code widths from the ideal code width. A DNL error of zero indicates that every code is exactly 1 LSb wide. 111 110 Actual Transfer Function 101 Digital Input Code 100 Ideal Transfer Function 011 001 Wide Code, >1 LSb 000 Narrow Code, <1 LSb DAC Output 4.0.3 Example for DNL Error. OFFSET ERROR Offset error is the deviation from zero voltage output when the digital input code is zero. 4.0.4 OUTPUT AMPLIFIER The analog DAC output is buffered with a low-power, precision CMOS amplifier. This amplifier provides low offset voltage and low noise. The output stage enables the device to operate with output voltages close to the power supply rails. Refer to Section 1.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for the analog output voltage range and load conditions. In addition to resistive load-driving capability, the amplifier will also drive high capacitive loads without oscillation. The amplifier's strong output allows VOUT to be used as a programmable voltage reference in a system. 4.1.1.1 010 FIGURE 4-2: 4.1.1 Circuit Descriptions Programmable Gain Block The rail-to-rail output amplifier has two configurable gain options: a gain of 1x (<GA> = 1) or a gain of 2x (<GA> = 0). The default setting is a gain of 2x. This results in an ideal full-scale output of 0.000V to 4.096V due to the internal reference (VREF = 2.048V). 4.1.2 VOLTAGE REFERENCE The MCP4801/4811/4821 devices utilize internal 2.048V voltage reference. The voltage reference has a low temperature coefficient and low noise characteristics. Refer to Section 1.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for the voltage reference specifications. GAIN ERROR Gain error is the deviation from the ideal output, VREF - 1 LSb, excluding the effects of offset error. DS22244B-page 18 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 4.1.3 POWER-ON RESET CIRCUIT The internal Power-on Reset (POR) circuit monitors the power supply voltage (VDD) during the device operation. The circuit also ensures that the DAC powers up with high output impedance (<SHDN> = 0, typically 500 k. The devices will continue to have a high-impedance output until a valid write command is received, and the LDAC pin meets the input low threshold. If the power supply voltage is less than the POR threshold (VPOR = 2.0V, typical), the DAC will be held in the Reset state. It will remain in that state until VDD > VPOR and a subsequent write command is received. Supply Voltages Figure 4-3 shows a typical power supply transient pulse and the duration required to cause a reset to occur, as well as the relationship between the duration and trip voltage. A 0.1 F decoupling capacitor, mounted as close as possible to the VDD pin, can provide additional transient immunity. 5V VPOR SHUTDOWN MODE The user can shut down the device using a software command (<SHDN> = 0) or SHDN pin. During shutdown mode, most of the internal circuits, including the output amplifier, are turned off for power savings. The internal reference is not affected by the shutdown command. The serial interface also remains active, allowing a write command to bring the device out of Shutdown mode. There will be no analog output at the VOUT pin, which is internally switched to a known resistive load (500 ktypical. Figure 4-4 shows the analog output stage during Shutdown mode. The condition of the Power-on Reset circuit during Shutdown is as follows: a) b) Turned off if shutdown occurred from the SHDN pin Remains turned on if the shutdown occurred through software The device will remain in Shutdown mode until the <SHDN> bit = 1 is latched into the device or SHDN pin is changed to logic high. When the device is changed from Shutdown to Active mode, the output settling time takes < 10 s, but greater than the standard active mode settling time (4.5 s). VDD - VPOR Transient Duration 10 VOUT OP Amp Power-Down Control Circuit Time Transient Duration (s) 4.1.4 TA = +25C Resistive Load 8 500 k Resistive String DAC 6 4 FIGURE 4-4: Mode. Transients above the curve will cause a reset 2 0 FIGURE 4-3: Output Stage for Shutdown Transients below the curve will NOT cause a reset 1 2 3 4 VDD - VPOR (V) 5 Typical Transient Response. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 19 MCP4801/4811/4821 NOTES: DS22244B-page 20 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 5.0 SERIAL INTERFACE 5.1 Overview The MCP4801/4811/4821 devices are designed to interface directly with the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) port, available on many microcontrollers, and supports Mode 0,0 and Mode 1,1. Commands and data are sent to the device via the SDI pin, with data being clocked-in on the rising edge of SCK. The communications are unidirectional and, thus, data cannot be read out of the MCP4801/4811/4821 devices. The CS pin must be held low for the duration of a write command. The write command consists of 16 bits and is used to configure the DAC's control and data latches. Register 5-1 to Register 5-3 detail the input register that is used to configure and load the DAC register for each device. Figure 5-1 to Figure 5-3 show the write command for each device. Refer to Figure 1-1 and the SPI Timing Specifications Table for detailed input and output timing specifications for both Mode 0,0 and Mode 1,1 operation. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 5.2 Write Command The write command is initiated by driving the CS pin low, followed by clocking the four Configuration bits and the 12 data bits into the SDI pin on the rising edge of SCK. The CS pin is then raised, causing the data to be latched into the DAC's input register. The MCP4801/4811/4821 devices utilize a doublebuffered latch structure to allow the DAC output to be synchronized with the LDAC pin, if desired. By bringing down the LDAC pin to a low state, the content stored in the DAC's input register is transferred into the DAC's output register (VOUT), and VOUT is updated. All writes to the MCP4801/4811/4821 devices are 16-bit words. Any clocks after the first 16th clock will be ignored. The Most Significant four bits are Configuration bits. The remaining 12 bits are data bits. No data can be transferred into the device with CS high. The data transfer will only occur if 16 clocks have been transferred into the device. If the rising edge of CS occurs prior, shifting of data into the input register will be aborted. DS22244B-page 21 MCP4801/4811/4821 REGISTER 5-1: WRITE COMMAND REGISTER FOR MCP4821 (12-BIT DAC) W-x W-x W-x W-0 W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x 0 -- GA SHDN D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 bit 15 bit 0 REGISTER 5-2: WRITE COMMAND REGISTER FOR MCP4811 (10-BIT DAC) W-x W-x W-x W-0 W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x 0 -- GA SHDN D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 x bit 15 W-x x bit 0 REGISTER 5-3: WRITE COMMAND REGISTER FOR MCP4801 (8-BIT DAC) W-x W-x W-x W-0 W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x W-x 0 -- GA SHDN D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 x x x x bit 15 bit 0 Where: bit 15 ( 1) 0 = Write to DAC register 1 = Ignore this command bit 14 -- Don't Care bit 13 GA: Output Gain Selection bit 1 = 1x (VOUT = VREF * D/4096) 0 = 2x (VOUT = 2 * VREF * D/4096), where internal VREF = 2.048V. bit 12 SHDN: Output Shutdown Control bit 1 = Active mode operation. VOUT is available. 0 = Shutdown the device. Analog output is not available. VOUT pin is connected to 500 ktypical) bit 11-0 D11:D0: DAC Input Data bits. Bit x is ignored. Legend R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as `0' -n = Value at POR 1 = bit is set 0 = bit is cleared Note 1: x = bit is unknown This bit must be `0'. The device ignores the write command if this MSB bit is not `0'. DS22244B-page 22 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 CS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (Mode 1,1) 13 14 15 SCK (Mode 0,0) config bits 0 SDI 12 data bits -- GA SHDN D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 LDAC VOUT FIGURE 5-1: Write Command for MCP4821 (12-bit DAC). CS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (Mode 1,1) 13 14 15 SCK (Mode 0,0) config bits 0 SDI 12 data bits -- GA SHDN D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X LDAC VOUT Note: X = "don't care" bits. FIGURE 5-2: Write Command for MCP4811 (10-bit DAC). CS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (Mode 1,1) 13 14 15 SCK (Mode 0,0) config bits 0 SDI 12 data bits -- GA SHDN D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X X X LDAC VOUT Note: FIGURE 5-3: X = "don't care" bits. Write Command for MCP4801 (8-bit DAC). 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 23 MCP4801/4811/4821 NOTES: DS22244B-page 24 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 6.0 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 6.3 Output Noise Considerations The MCP4801/4811/4821 family of devices are general purpose, single channel voltage output DACs for various applications where a precision operation with low-power and internal voltage reference is required. The voltage noise density (in V/Hz) is illustrated in Figure 2-13. This noise appears at VOUT, and is primarily a result of the internal reference voltage. Its 1/f corner (fCORNER) is approximately 400 Hz. Applications generally suited for the devices are: Figure 2-14 illustrates the voltage noise (in mVRMS or mVP-P). A small bypass capacitor on VOUT is an effective method to produce a single-pole Low-Pass Filter (LPF) that will reduce this noise. For instance, a bypass capacitor sized to produce a 1 kHz LPF would result in an ENREF of about 100 VRMS. This would be necessary when trying to achieve the low DNL error performance (at G = 1x) that the MCP4801/4811/4821 devices are capable of. The tested range for stability is .001 F through 4.7 F. Digital Interface The MCP4801/4811/4821 devices utilize a 3-wire synchronous serial protocol to transfer the DAC's setup and input codes from the digital devices. The serial protocol can be interfaced to SPI or Microwire peripherals which are common on many microcontroller units (MCUs), including Microchip's PIC(R) MCUs and dsPIC(R) DSCs. In addition to the three serial connections (CS, SCK and SDI), the LDAC signal synchronizes the DAC output with LDAC pin event. By bringing the LDAC pin down "low", the DAC input codes and settings in the DAC input register are latched into the output register, and the DAC analog output is updated. Figure 6-1 shows an example of the pin connections. Note that the LDAC pin can be tied low (VSS) to reduce the required connections from 4 to 3 I/O pins. In this case, the DAC output can be immediately updated when a valid 16 clock transmission has been received and the CS pin has been raised. 6.2 VDD C1 = 10 F C2 = 0.1 F VDD C1 VOUT 1 F The power source supplying these devices should be as clean as possible. If the application circuit has separate digital and analog power supplies, VDD and VSS of the device should reside on the analog plane. C2 C1 C2 C1 VOUT CS 1 F C2 SDI AVSS SDI SDO SCK LDAC CS0 Power Supply Considerations The typical application will require a bypass capacitor to filter out noise in the power supply traces. The noise can be induced onto the power supply's traces from various events such as digital switching or as a result of changes on the DAC's output. The bypass capacitor helps minimize the effect of these noise sources. Figure 6-1 illustrates an appropriate bypass strategy. In this example, two bypass capacitors are used in parallel: (a) 0.1 F (ceramic) and (b)10 F (tantalum). These capacitors should be placed as close to the device power pin (VDD) as possible (within 4 mm). VDD PIC(R) Microcontroller 6.1 MCP48x1 Set Point or Offset Trimming Sensor Calibration Precision Selectable Voltage Reference Portable Instrumentation (Battery-Powered) Calibration of Optical Communication Devices MCP48x1 * * * * * AVSS FIGURE 6-1: Diagram. 6.4 VSS Typical Connection Layout Considerations Inductively-coupled AC transients and digital switching noises can degrade the output signal integrity, and potentially reduce the device performance. Careful board layout will minimize these effects and increase the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Bench testing has shown that a multi-layer board utilizing a low-inductance ground plane, isolated inputs and isolated outputs with proper decoupling, is critical for the best performance. Particularly harsh environments may require shielding of critical signals. Breadboards and wire-wrapped boards are not recommended if low noise is desired. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 25 MCP4801/4811/4821 6.5 6.5.1.1 Single-Supply Operation Decreasing Output Step Size The MCP4801/4811/4821 devices are rail-to-rail voltage output DAC devices designed to operate with a VDD range of 2.7V to 5.5V. Its output amplifier is robust enough to drive small-signal loads directly. Therefore, it does not require any external output buffer for most applications. If the application is calibrating the bias voltage of a diode or transistor, a bias voltage range of 0.8V may be desired with about 200 V resolution per step. Two common methods to achieve a 0.8V range are to either reduce VREF to 0.82V (using the MCP49XX family device that uses external reference) or use a voltage divider on the DAC's output. 6.5.1 Using a VREF is an option if the VREF is available with the desired output voltage range. However, occasionally, when using a low-voltage VREF, the noise floor causes SNR error that is intolerable. Using a voltage divider method is another option and provides some advantages when VREF needs to be very low or when the desired output voltage is not available. In this case, a larger value VREF is used while two resistors scale the output range down to the precise desired level. DC SET POINT OR CALIBRATION A common application for the devices is a digitallycontrolled set point and/or calibration of variable parameters, such as sensor offset or slope. For example, the MCP4821 and MCP4822 provide 4096 output steps. If G = 1x is selected, the internal 2.048V VREF would produce 500 V of resolution. If G = 2x is selected, the internal 2.048 VREF would produce 1 mV of resolution. Example 6-1 illustrates this concept. Note that the bypass capacitor on the output of the voltage divider plays a critical function in attenuating the output noise of the DAC and the induced noise from the environment. EXAMPLE 6-1: EXAMPLE CIRCUIT OF SET POINT OR THRESHOLD CALIBRATION VDD (a) Single Output DAC: MCP4801 MCP4811 MCP4821 (b) Dual Output DAC: MCP4802 VCC+ RSENSE VDD MCP4812 MCP4822 DAC Comparator R1 VOUT VTRIP R2 0.1 F VCC- SPI 3-wire Dn VOUT = 2.048 G -----N 2 R2 V trip = VOUT -------------------- R1 + R2 DS22244B-page 26 G = Gain selection (1x or 2x) Dn = Digital value of DAC (0-255) for MCP4801/MCP4802 = Digital value of DAC (0-1023) for MCP4811/MCP4812 N = Digital value of DAC (0-4095) for MCP4821/MCP4822 = DAC bit resolution 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 6.5.1.2 Building a "Window" DAC If the threshold is not near VREF, 2VREF or VSS, then creating a "window" around the threshold has several advantages. One simple method to create this "window" is to use a voltage divider network with a pullup and pull-down resistor. Example 6-2 and Example 6-4 illustrate this concept. When calibrating a set point or threshold of a sensor, typically only a small portion of the DAC output range is utilized. If the LSb size is adequate enough to meet the application's accuracy needs, the unused range is sacrificed without consequences. If greater accuracy is needed, then the output range will need to be reduced to increase the resolution around the desired threshold. EXAMPLE 6-2: SINGLE-SUPPLY "WINDOW" DAC (a) Single Output DAC: MCP4801 MCP4811 MCP4821 (b) Dual Output DAC: MCP4802 MCP4812 VCC+ MCP4822 VDD DAC VCC+ RSENSE R3 VOUT Comparator R1 VTRIP 0.1 F R2 VCC- SPI 3-wire VCC- Dn V OUT = 2.048 G -----N 2 G = Gain selection (1x or 2x) Dn = Digital value of DAC (0-255) for MCP4801/MCP4802 = Digital value of DAC (0-1023) for MCP4811/MCP4812 N = Digital value of DAC (0-4095) for MCP4821/MCP4822 = DAC bit resolution Thevenin Equivalent R2R3 R 23 = ------------------R2 + R3 V 23 R1 VOUT VO VCC+ R2 + VCC- R 3 = -----------------------------------------------------R2 + R3 VOUT R 23 + V 23 R 1 V trip = --------------------------------------------R1 + R 23 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. R23 V23 DS22244B-page 27 MCP4801/4811/4821 6.6 Bipolar Operation Example 6-3 illustrates a simple bipolar voltage source configuration. R1 and R2 allow the gain to be selected, while R3 and R4 shift the DAC's output to a selected offset. Note that R4 can be tied to VDD, instead of VSS, if a higher offset is desired. Also note that a pull-up to VDD could be used instead of R4, or in addition to R4, if a higher offset is desired. Bipolar operation is achievable using the MCP4801/4811/4821 family of devices by utilizing an external operational amplifier (op amp). This configuration is desirable due to the wide variety and availability of op amps. This allows a general purpose DAC, with its cost and availability advantages, to meet almost any desired output voltage range, power and noise performance. EXAMPLE 6-3: DIGITALLY-CONTROLLED BIPOLAR VOLTAGE SOURCE R2 (a) Single Output DAC: VDD MCP4801 VDD MCP4811 R1 MCP4821 VOUT (b) Dual Output DAC: MCP4812 MCP4822 VO R3 DAC MCP4802 VCC+ VIN+ R4 VCC- 0.1 F SPI 3-wire Dn V OUT = 2.048 G -----N 2 V OUT R 4 V IN+ = -------------------R3 + R4 R2 R2 VO = VIN+ 1 + ------ - VDD ------ R1 R1 6.6.1 G = Gain selection (1x or 2x) Dn = Digital value of DAC (0-255) for MCP4801/MCP4802 = Digital value of DAC (0-1023) for MCP4811/MCP4812 = Digital value of DAC (0-4095) for MCP4821/MCP4822 = DAC bit resolution N DESIGN EXAMPLE: DESIGN A BIPOLAR DAC USING EXAMPLE 6-3 WITH 12-BIT MCP4821 OR MCP4822 An output step magnitude of 1 mV, with an output range of 2.05V, is desired for a particular application. The equation can be simplified to: - R2 - 2.05 --------- = ----------------R1 4.096V R2 1 ------ = --R1 2 If R1 = 20 k and R2 = 10 k, the gain will be 0.5. Step 1: Calculate the range: +2.05V - (-2.05V) = 4.1V. Step 2: Calculate the resolution needed: Step 4: Next solve for R3 and R4 by setting the DAC to 4096, knowing that the output needs to be +2.05V. 4.1V/1 mV = 4100 Since 212 = 4096, 12-bit resolution is desired. Step 3: The amplifier gain (R2/R1), multiplied by fullscale VOUT (4.096V), must be equal to the desired minimum output to achieve bipolar operation. Since any gain can be realized by choosing resistor values (R1+R2), the VREF value must be selected first. If a VREF of 4.096V is used (G=2), solve for the amplifier's gain by setting the DAC to 0, knowing that the output needs to be -2.05V. DS22244B-page 28 R4 2 2.05V + 0.5 4.096V ------------------------ = ------------------------------------------------------- = -- R3 + R4 1.5 4.096V 3 If R4 = 20 k, then R3 = 10 k 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 6.7 Selectable Gain and Offset Bipolar Voltage Output This circuit is typically used for linearizing a sensor whose slope and offset varies. The equation to design a bipolar "window" DAC would be utilized if R3, R4 and R5 are populated. In some applications, precision digital control of the output range is desirable. Example 6-4 illustrates how to use the MCP4801/4811/4821 family of devices to achieve this in a bipolar or single-supply application. EXAMPLE 6-4: BIPOLAR VOLTAGE SOURCE WITH SELECTABLE GAIN AND OFFSET R2 VDD VCC+ VOUTA R1 DACA (DACA for Gain Adjust) VDD VOUTB VCC+ VO R5 R3 VIN+ DACB (DACB for Offset Adjust) SPI R4 3 VCC- VCC- Dn VOUTA = 2.048 G A -----N 2 Dn V OUTB = 2.048 G B -----N 2 V IN+ 0.1 F V OUTB R4 + V CC- R3 = ------------------------------------------------R3 + R4 G = Gain selection (1x or 2x) N = DAC bit resolution Dn = Digital value of DAC (0-255) for MCP4801 = Digital value of DAC (0-1023) for MCP4811 = Digital value of DAC (0-4095) for MCP4821 R2 R2 VO = V IN+ 1 + ------ - VOUTA ------ R 1 R 1 Offset Adjust Gain Adjust Bipolar "Window" DAC using R4 and R5 Thevenin Equivalent V CC+ R 4 + VCC- R 5 V 45 = --------------------------------------------R 4 + R5 V OUTB R 45 + V 45 R3 VIN+ = -----------------------------------------------R3 + R45 R4 R5 R 45 = ------------------R4 + R5 R2 R2 VO = VIN+ 1 + ------ - V OUTA ------ R1 R1 Offset Adjust Gain Adjust 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 29 MCP4801/4811/4821 6.8 Designing a Double-Precision DAC Step 1: Calculate the resolution needed: Example 6-5 illustrates how to design a single-supply voltage output capable of up to 24-bit resolution by using 12-bit DACs. This design is simply a voltage divider with a buffered output. As an example, if an application similar to the one developed in Section 6.6.1 "Design Example: Design a Bipolar DAC Using Example 6-3 with 12bit MCP4821 or MCP4822" required a resolution of 1 V instead of 1 mV, and a range of 0V to 4.1V, then 12-bit resolution would not be adequate. EXAMPLE 6-5: 4.1V/1 V = 4.1 x 106. Since 222 = 4.2 x 106, 22-bit resolution is desired. Since DNL = 0.75 LSb, this design can be done with the 12-bit MCP4821 or MCP4822 DAC devices. Step 2: Since DACB's VOUTB has a resolution of 1 mV, its output only needs to be "pulled" 1/1000 to meet the 1 V target. Dividing VOUTA by 1000 would allow the application to compensate for DACB's DNL error. Step 3: If R2 is 100, then R1 needs to be 100 k. Step 4: The resulting transfer function is shown in the equation of Example 6-5. SIMPLE, DOUBLE-PRECISION DAC WITH MCP4821 VDD VCC+ DACA VOUTA for Fine Adjustment VO R1 R1 >> R2 VDD DACB VOUTB for Fine Adjustment R2 0.1 F VCC- SPI 3-wire DA VOUTA = 2.048 G A ------12 2 DB V OUTB = 2.048 GB ------12 2 Gx = Gain selection (1x or 2x) Dn = Digital value of DAC (0-4096) V OUTA R 2 + VOUTB R 1 VO = -----------------------------------------------------R 1 + R2 DS22244B-page 30 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 6.9 Building Programmable Current Source However, this also reduces the resolution that the current can be controlled with. The voltage divider, or "window", DAC configuration would allow the range to be reduced, thus increasing resolution around the range of interest. When working with very small sensor voltages, plan on eliminating the amplifier's offset error by storing the DAC's setting under known sensor conditions. Example 6-6 shows an example of building a programmable current source using a voltage follower. The current sensor (sensor resistor) is used to convert the DAC voltage output into a digitally-selectable current source. Adding the resistor network from Example 6-2 would be advantageous in this application. The smaller RSENSE is, the less power dissipated across it. EXAMPLE 6-6: DIGITALLY-CONTROLLED CURRENT SOURCE VDD or VREF VDD (a) Single Output DAC: MCP4801 MCP4811 IL VOUT DAC MCP4821 (b) Dual Output DAC: MCP4802 Load VCC+ Ib SPI MCP4812 VCC- 3-wire MCP4822 RSENSE IL I b = ---- G = Gain selection (1x or 2x) Dn = Digital value of DAC (0-255) for MCP4801/MCP4802 = Digital value of DAC (0-1023) for MCP4811/MCP4812 V OUT I L = --------------- ------------R sense + 1 where Common-Emitter Current Gain 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. N = Digital value of DAC (0-4095) for MCP4821/MCP4822 = DAC bit resolution DS22244B-page 31 MCP4801/4811/4821 NOTES: DS22244B-page 32 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 7.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT 7.1 Evaluation & Demonstration Boards The Mixed Signal PICtailTM Demo Board supports the MCP4801/4811/4821 family of devices. Refer to www.microchip.com for further information on this product's capabilities and availability. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 33 MCP4801/4811/4821 NOTES: DS22244B-page 34 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 8.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION 8.1 Package Marking Information 8-Lead DFN (2x3) AHS 010 25 XXX YWW NN Example: 8-Lead MSOP XXXXXX YWWNNN 8-Lead PDIP (300 mil) XXXXXXXX XXXXXNNN YYWW Legend: XX...X Y YY WW NNN e3 * Note: 4801E 010256 Example: MCP4821 E/P e^3 256 1010 8-Lead SOIC (150 mil) XXXXXXXX XXXXYYWW NNN Example: Example: MCP4811E e3 1010 SN^^ 256 Customer-specific information Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn) This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( e3 ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 35 MCP4801/4811/4821 !""#$%& ' 2% & %! % * ") ' % * $%% "% %% 133)))& &3 * e D b N N L K E2 E EXPOSED PAD NOTE 1 NOTE 1 2 1 1 2 D2 BOTTOM VIEW TOP VIEW A A3 A1 NOTE 2 4% & 5&% 6!&( $ 55,, 6 6 67 8 9 % 7 : % 9 %"$$ . 0%%* + ,2 7 5 % /0 7 ;"% , ,# ""5 % + < ,# "";"% , . < . ( . + 0%%5 % 5 + . 0%%%,# "" = < < 0%%;"% ./0 +/0 ' !" #$ %! &'(!%&! %( % ")%% % " * & & # "% ( % " + * ) !% " & "% ,-. /01 / & % #%! ))%!%% ,21 $ & '! !)%!%% '$$&% ! .. ) 0+0 DS22244B-page 36 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 !""#$%& ' 2% & %! % * ") ' % * $%% "% %% 133)))& &3 * 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 37 MCP4801/4811/4821 ()" * +)%)*& ' 2% & %! % * ") ' % * $%% "% %% 133)))& &3 * D N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 e b A2 A c L L1 A1 4% & 5&% 6!&( $ 55,, 6 6 67 8 9 % 7 : % < >./0 < " "* * . 9. . %"$$ < . 7 ;"% , " "* ;"% , +/0 7 5 % +/0 2%5 % 5 2% % 5 /0 > 9 .,2 2% I ? < 9? 5 "* 9 < + 5 ";"% ( < ' !" #$ %! &'(!%&! %( % ")%% % " & ","%!" &"$ %! "$ %! % # ".&& " + & "% ,-. /01 / & % #%! ))%!%% ,21 $ & '! !)%!%% '$$&% ! ) 0/ DS22244B-page 38 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 39 MCP4801/4811/4821 ,+ +" #$%,& ' 2% & %! % * ") ' % * $%% "% %% 133)))& &3 * N NOTE 1 E1 1 3 2 D E A2 A L A1 c e eB b1 b 4% & 5&% 6!&( $ 60:, 6 6 67 8 9 % % % < < " "* * . + . / % % . < < !" %!" ;"% , + +. " "* ;"% , . 9 7 5 % +9 +>. % % 5 . + . 5 "* 9 . ( > ( 9 / < < 4 5 ";"% 5) 5 ";"% 7 ) @ /0 + ' !" #$ %! &'(!%&! %( % ")%% % " @ $%0% % + & ","%!" &"$ %! "$ %! % # "A " & "% ,-. /01/ & % #%! ))%!%% ) 09/ DS22244B-page 40 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 )" * +)((- !""#$%)*,& ' 2% & %! % * ") ' % * $%% "% %% 133)))& &3 * D e N E E1 NOTE 1 1 2 3 h b h A2 A c L A1 L1 4% & 5&% 6!&( $ 55,, 6 6 67 8 9 % 7 : % < /0 < " "* * . < < %"$$@ < . 7 ;"% , " "* ;"% , +/0 7 5 % /0 . >/0 0&$ B %C . < . 2%5 % 5 < 2% % 5 ,2 2% I ? < 9? 5 "* < . 5 ";"% ( + < . "$% D .? < .? "$% /%%& E .? < .? ' !" #$ %! &'(!%&! %( % ")%% % " @ $%0% % + & ","%!" &"$ %! "$ %! % # ".&& " & "% ,-. /01 / & % #%! ))%!%% ,21 $ & '! !)%!%% '$$&% ! ) 0./ 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 41 MCP4801/4811/4821 )" * +)((- !""#$%)*,& ' 2% & %! % * ") ' % * $%% "% %% 133)))& &3 * DS22244B-page 42 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY Revision A (April 2010) * Original Release of this Document. Revision B (April 2010) * Corrected the "Related Products" table on page 1. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22244B-page 43 MCP4801/4811/4821 NOTES: DS22244B-page 44 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801/4811/4821 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. PART NO. X /XX Device Temperature Range Package Examples: a) Device b) MCP4801: MCP4801T: 8-Bit Voltage Output DAC 8-Bit Voltage Output DAC (Tape and Reel, DFN, MSOP and SOIC only) 10-Bit Voltage Output DAC 10-Bit Voltage Output DAC (Tape and Reel, DFN, MSOP and SOIC only) 12-Bit Voltage Output DAC 12-Bit Voltage Output DAC (Tape and Reel, DFN, MSOP and SOIC only) MCP4811: MCP4811T: MCP4821: MCP4821T: c) d) e) f) g) Temperature Range E = -40C to +125C Package MC = MS P SN = = = (Extended) 8-Lead Plastic Dual Flat, No Lead Package 2x3x0.9 mm Body (DFN) 8-Lead Plastic Micro Small Outline (MSOP) 8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line (PDIP) 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline - Narrow, 150 mil (SOIC) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) a) b) c) d) e) f) g) 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP4801-E/MC: Extended temperature, DFN package MCP4801T-E/MC: Extended temperature, DFN package, Tape and Reel MCP4801-E/MS: Extended temperature, MSOP package. MCP4801T-E/MS: Extended temperature, MSOP package, Tape and Reel. MCP4801-E/P: Extended temperature, PDIP package. MCP4801-E/SN: Extended temperature, SOIC package. MCP4801T-E/SN: Extended temperature, SOIC package, Tape and Reel. MCP4811-E/MC: Extended temperature, DFN package MCP4811T-E/MC: Extended temperature, DFN package, Tape and Reel MCP4811-E/MS: Extended temperature, MSOP package. MCP4811T-E/MS: Extended temperature, MSOP package, Tape and Reel. MCP4811-E/P: Extended temperature, PDIP package. MCP4811-E/SN: Extended temperature, SOIC package. MCP4811T-E/SN: Extended temperature, SOIC package, Tape and Reel. MCP4821-E/MC: Extended temperature, DFN package MCP4821T-E/MC: Extended temperature, DFN package, Tape and Reel MCP4821-E/MS: Extended temperature, MSOP package. MCP4821T-E/MS: Extended temperature, MSOP package, Tape and Reel. MCP4821-E/P: Extended temperature, PDIP package. MCP4821-E/SN: Extended temperature, SOIC package. MCP4821T-E/SN: Extended temperature, SOIC package, Tape and Reel. DS22244B-page 45 MCP4801/4811/4821 NOTES: DS22244B-page 46 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: * Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. * Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. * There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. * Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. * Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable." Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip's code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer's risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Octopus, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2010, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. ISBN: 978-1-60932-124-6 Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC(R) MCUs and dsPIC(R) DSCs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. 2010 Microchip Technology Inc. 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